Fabrics Antistatic

Durtan . [Van Den Bergh Foods] Sorbi-tan esters used in cosmetics, household prods., wata softening compds., pesticides, auto polishes fabric antistat and lubricant food emulsifier rust inhibitor additive antifog in plastics dispersant... 

Aluminum chloride hydrate is used in textile finishing to impart crease recovery and nonyeUowing properties to cotton (qv) fabrics, antistatic characteristics to polyester, polymide, and acrylic fabrics, and to improve the flammability rating of nylon (see Textiles). Dye-bleeding of printed textile may be blocked (17) by treatment with aluminum chloride and zinc acetate, Zn(02CCH2)2j followed by solubilizing with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, and washing from the fabric. 

Products and Uses A fabric antistatic agent used as a fabric softener or coating agent for textiles. Precautions An irritant to skin, eyes, nose, and throat. A strong lachrymator (causes eyes to water). Synonyms none found. 

Uses Surfactant, fabric antistat, conditioner for household, industrial, textile, hair applies. antistatic coating for cellulose acetate, polyacetal, PE, PP surfactant, antistat in cosmetics Manuf./Distrib. Ruger... 

Uses Surfactant used In household and Industrial fabric softener, fabric antistat Properties Gardner 3 paste sol. in IPA flamm. dens. 7.3 sp.gr. 8.7 75% act. ACCOSOFT 748 [ABITEC]... 

Uses Used in personal care and household prods. food emulsifier fabric antistat Properties HLB 16.5 sapon. no. 39-52 Durfax 65K [Loders Croklaan Inc]... 

Uses Used in cosmetic, toiletry, and household prods. fabric antistat and lubricant Fhoperties HLB 7.4 sapon. no. 158-170. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic vapors of NH4 and Cl Uses Surfactant, fabric antistat, conditioner for household products, industrial applications, textile processing, hair care products antistatic coatings for cellulose acetate, polyacetals, polyethylene, polypropylene surfactanL antistat in cosmetics... 

Electrically Conducting Fibers. FlectricaHy conducting fibers are useful in blends with fibers of other types to achieve antistatic properties in apparel fabrics and carpets. The process developed by Nippon Sanmo Dyeing Co., for example, is reportedly used by Asahi in Casbmilon 2.2 dtex (2 den) staple fibers. Courtaulds claims a flame-resistant electrically conductive fiber produced by reaction with guanadine and treatment with copper sulfide (97). 

A reverse-wipe appHcation is seen ia the clothes dryer fabric softener sheet whereia the spunbonded fabric is coated with a complex combination of compounds that are released iato the environment of a hot clothes dryer to soften and perfume the clothes, as weU as provide an antistatic quaHty. The spunbonded sheet, which must be made of polyester or nylon for temperature resistance, provides a simple and cost-effective medium to store the chemical compounds prior to release ia the dryer. 

Liquid Fabric Softeners. The principal functions of fabric softeners are to minimize the problem of static electricity and to keep fabrics soft (see Antistatic agents). In these laundry additives, the fragrance must reinforce the sense of softness that is the desired result of their use. Most fabric softeners have a pH of about 3.5, which limits the materials that can be used in the fragrances. For example, acetals cannot be used because they break down and cause malodor problems in addition, there is the likelihood of discoloration from Schiff bases, oakmoss extracts, and some specialty chemicals. Testing of fragrance materials in product bases should take place under accelerated aging conditions (eg, 40°C in plastic bottles) to check for odor stabiUty and discoloration. 

Over time, finish components tend to separate and migrate within the fiber and throughout the yam package. With nylon, the ionic emulsifiers and antistats tend toward the core of the fiber whereas the hydrocarbon lubricants remain on the surface. It is, therefore, essential to scour yams and fabrics at neutral to basic pH to reemulsify the lubricant and remove the finish emulsifier prior to dyeiag. In formulating any new finish, environmental issues such as biodegradabihty, water and air pollution must be considered (137). 

Antistats such as polyoxyethylenes (151,152) and A/-alkyl polycarbonamide (153) are added to nylon to reduce static charge and improve moisture transport and soil release in fabrics. These additives also alter the luster of fiber spun from bright polymer. Static reduction in carpets is achieved primarily by the use of fibers modified with conductive carbon black (see Antistatic agents Carbon, carbon black). 

The single largest market use for quaternary fatty amines is in fabric softeners. Monoalkyl quaternaries (chloride) have been used in Hquid detergent softener antistat formulations (LDSA), dialkyl dimethyl quaternaries (chloride) in the rinse cycle, and dialkyl dimethyl quaternaries (sulfate) as dryer softeners. 

A variety of chemical products and fabrics are reputed to be antibacterial and to prevent odors and the spread of infection (170). One such finish is based on an organosiUcon quaternary ammonium chloride compound (171). Chemical finishing of cotton has also been directed toward improving soil release (172,173), antistatic treatments (174), and rot resistance (175,176). 

Synthetic fabrics can also be finished to achieve a number of specific characteristics (199). For example, increased electrical conductivity can improve the antistatic character of polyester. Similarly, finishes that improve hydrophilic character also improve properties related to soil release and soil redeposition (199,200). 

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been Hsted in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antisHp and antistatic properties to nylon, acryUc, and polyester fabrics. CycHc polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dibydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0] hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotria2ine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acryUc polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of usehil products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

Soiling of Antistatic Finishes. Soiling of fabrics having a tendency for accumulation of charges has been assumed to be an electrostatic phenomenon, and therefore it follows that if static is eliininated, soiling will be reduced. However, most antistatic agents have been developed and used for reasons other than the reduction of soiling. 

Polyester fabrics and many other hydrophobic synthetic fabrics require the appHcation of an antistatic agent prior to printing to prevent the buildup of static charges at rapid printing speeds (see Antistatic agents). 

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