Detergent, manufacture

Witco, and Amoco. In Europe magnesium saHcyclates are an alternative detergent manufactured by SheU Chemical. 

ZeoHte-based materials are extremely versatile uses include detergent manufacture, ion-exchange resins (ie, water softeners), catalytic appHcations in the petroleum industry, separation processes (ie, molecular sieves), and as an adsorbent for water, carbon dioxide, mercaptans, and hydrogen sulfide. 

Part 417 soap and detergent manufacturing point source category... 

The quahty of sulfonic acids produced as iatermediates on an iadustrial scale is important to detergent manufacturers. Parameters such as color, water, free oil (unsulfonated material), and acid value (actual sulfonic acid) are all factors that determine the quaUty of a sulfonic acid. The quaUty of the feedstock prior to sulfonation, such as iodine value, water content, and sulfonatabiUty, affects the quaUty of the sulfonic acid produced. Sulfonation conditions, such as temperature, molar ratio, rate, etc, also affect the quaUty of sulfonic acid. 

Surfactants and Detergents Uses. Perhaps the largest use of sulfonic acids is the manufacture of surfactants (qv) and surfactant formulations. This is primarily owing to the dominance of linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acid production for detergent manufacture. In almost all cases, the parent sulfonic acid is an intermediate which is converted to a sulfonate prior to use. The largest volume uses for sulfonic acid intermediates are the... 

In 1958, the microbial alkaline protease Alcalase (Novo Industries) was produced by fermentation of a strain of Bacillus licheniformis. It had high StabiHty and activity at pH 8—10, was marketed in 1961, and was incorporated into Bio 40. However, it was not until the successful marketing of the presoaking agent Biotex in 1963 that detergent manufacturers saw the tme possibiHties of enzymes. 

Sodium alkanesulfonates for detergent manufacture can also be produced from the free-radical addition of sodium bisulfite and alpha olefins ... 

Typical properties of detergent alkylate are shown in Table 10-2. Detergent manufacturers buy linear alkylbenzene, sulfonate it with SO3, and then neutralize it with NaOH to produce linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABS), the active ingredient in detergents ... 

Detergent manufacturing Catalytic cracking and hydrocracking Xylene isomerization, benzene alkylation, catalytic cracking, catalyst dewaxing, and methanol conversion. 

As detergent manufacturers responded to consumer trends the number of mixed active detergent products increased. The combination of LAS with other surfactants in mixed active systems can provide several advantages over a single active LAS system. These advantages can include the following ... 

If machine or detergent manufacturer s research laboratories develop new improved wash programs, these can very easily be transferred retrospectively to machines in situ using existing update technology. Fig. 3.13 shows how a service technician could use a special infrared interface. Other manufacturers achieve the same result using a conventional PC interface. 

In some other washing machines that have recently entered the market, the wash load is detected by a weight sensor that measures the elongation of the spiral springs where the tub is suspended inside the washing machine. This is known as a load size indicator . Based on information from the detergent manufacturer, it tells the customer how much detergent to use. 

Close co-operation between machine producers and detergent manufacturers is absolutely necessary because the quantity and type of detergent used has a considerable impact on the washing process. 

As washing detergent manufacturers keep developing new products, washing processes also need to be adapted several times over the lifetime of a washing machine. New programs could be transferred to the machines every so often, either by a technician through an infrared interface or conventional PC interface, or simply by a download from the Internet. 

The major surfactant families in use in the European market in volume terms are the non-ionics followed by anionic derivatives. A detailed breakdown of the total surfactant consumption for Western Europe can be found in Tables 1.6 and 1.7, which show the estimated proportions for the various uses of surfactants in the European market. Probably the most important final use of surfactants in Europe is in detergent manufacture, as demonstrated by the figures summarised in Table 1.8. 

Novozymes supplies the proteases for liquid detergents to the detergent manufacturer as a stable liquid enzyme formulation from which typically less than 2%(w/w) is added to the liquid detergent composition. The limited solubility of boric acid thus prevents Novozymes from supplying the detergent manufacturer with a liquid enzyme formulation with a built-in boric acid stabilization system. 

Contrary to the commodity chemical business, the key to win in the specialty products market does not lie in squeezing out profits by means of economies of scale or process optimization. Rather, it lies in the ability for fast new product launches in order to capture the largest market share as soon as possible. Since superior product quality and performance is what really differentiates one specialty product from another, the product properties need to be adjusted as required by business needs. For example, the ability to manipulate functional chemicals in detergent products such as enzymes and zeolites, as well as backbone chemicals like surfactants, is often the key to success for both the detergent manufacturers and chemical suppliers [3], This trend has created an urgent need for an efficient and effective product and process development for these products. 

Figure 4. General flowsheet for a detergent manufacturing process.

Table 10. Heuristics for equipment selection for detergents manufacture.

Despite these findings, mediation by enz3rmes present in dust remains an attractive hypothesis. Enzymes may exert their action in one of three ways 1) an allergic mechanism like that shown in workers exposed to subtills during detergent manufacture (22,23,24) where wheezing, shortness of breath, and/or rhinitis symptoms are shown to be mediated by specific IgE antibodies. 

Uses Stabilizer for latex rubber intermediate for dyestuffs and medicinals resin and detergent manufacturing solvent in petroleum and vegetable oil refining starting material for manufacturing amides plasticizer stabilizer for rubber latex in organic synthesis. 

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