Maintenance Activities

The first function of a wellsite is to accommodate drilling operations. However, a wellsite must be designed to allow access for future operations and maintenance activity, and in many cases provide containment in the event of accidental emission. Production from a single wellhead or wellhead cluster is routed by pipeline to a gathering station, often without any treatment. In such a case the pipeline effectively becomes an extension of the production tubing. If a well is producing naturally or with assistance from a down... 

When estimating the operating and maintenance costs for various options, it is recommended that the actual activities which are anticipated are specified and costed. This will run into the detail of frequency and duration of maintenance activities such as inspection, overhaul, painting. This technique allows a much more realistic estimate of opex to be made, rather than relying on the traditional method of estimating opex based on a percentage of capex. The benefits of this activity based costing are further discussed in Section 13.0 and 14.0. 

A.ccessibility. AccessibiUty means having sufficient working space around a component to diagnose, troubleshoot, and complete maintenance activities safely and effectively. 

Example 3. A centrifugal pump moving a corrosive Hquid is known to have a time-to-failure that is well approximated by a normal distribution with a mean of 1400 h and a standard deviation of 120 h. A particular pump has been in operation for 1080 h. In order to plan maintenance activities the chances of the pump surviving the next 48 h must be deterrnined. 

As part of a protective maintenance activity, the chiller was examined by eddy current. An eddy current check revealed no failures. However, when the chiller was returned to service, leakage of chill water was detected. 

Maintenance/ The QRA team will need information about process configurations reliability during maintenance activities and historic data on equipment per-... 

Building maintenance schedules Try to schedule maintenance activities that interfere with HVAC operation or produce odors and emissions (e.g., painting, roofing operations) so that they occur when the building is unoccupied. Inform occupants when such activities are scheduled and, if possible, use local ventilation to ensure that dust and odors are confined to the work area. 

Maintenance "indicators" are available to help facility staff determine when routine maintenance is required. For example, air filters are often neglected (sometimes due to reasons such as difficult access) and fail to receive maintenance at proper intervals. Installation of an inexpensive manometer, an instrument used to monitor the pressure loss across a filter bank, can give an immediate indication of filter condition without having to open the unit to visually observe the actual filter. Computerized systems are available that can prompt staff to carry out maintenance activities at the proper intervals. Some of these programs can be connected to building equipment so that a signal is transmitted to staff if a piece of equipment malfunctions. Individual areas can be monitored for temperature, air movement, humidity, and carbon dioxide, and new sensors are constantly entering the market. 

Mechanical connections (or disconnections) for blanking, draining, cleaning and purging connections so that maintenance activities cannot be started without first disconnecting lines... 

In addition, test and maintenance activities can contribute significantly to unavailability by components being out of service for test or maintenance. The amount of unavailability from this cause depends on the frequency and the duration of the test or maintenance act. 

Unscheduled maintenance activities are caused by essential equipment failures. Bccau.se these activities are not scheduled, the frequency and the mean duration of maintenance is based on statistics from experience. 

MAPPS (NUREG/CR-3634) is a task-oriented, computer-based model for simulating actual processes in maintenance activities. It includes environmental,... 

A disproportional amount of accidents occur during construction and major maintenance activities. Safe work practices are written with this in mind and, as a minimum, should cover the following ... 

It is important that the inspection and maintenance activities be docn-mented as reqnired per company practice and any process safety management regnlatory reqnirements. Maintenance records shonld indicate the inspection resnlts and the scope of maintenance work performed, if any. Before the flame arrester is reinstalled in the process, it shonld be visnally inspected to make snre that reassembly conforms to the mannfactnrer s recommendations. Some companies affix a tag to the flame arrester indicating the inspection and maintenance date. 

Many flame arrester mannfactnrers provide training conrses on inspection and maintenance of flame arresters, either at their facilities or a client s plant. It is recommended that snch conrses be schednled for operating and maintenance personnel. Also, the OSPLA PSM standard, 29 CFR 1910.119 (j)(3), shonld be consnlted for reqnirements for training for process maintenance activities. 

When existing factories are being examined, the floor areas occupied by the various items of equipment can be measured on site during the data-collection period. It is important to consider and include the equipment outline (maximum travels), space for maintenance activity, operator movement and the handling of material and workpieces. In many cases, the space needed for handling exceeds that required accommodating the operative part of the equipment. Aisle space is also needed for through-shop movement. 

Effective planning is the next step in the outage management process. Like all other maintenance activities, each task included in the outage plan must be fully planned. However, the finite time frame associated with a fixed-duration shutdown also requires effective scheduling to assure success. 

Sprockets can be either a solid-type body or cast with spokes. They also may be split into two halves to facilitate easy access during maintenance activities. 

As in most cases, maintenance departments would like to perform machinery maintenance in a rational and planned manner. The fact that we plan our maintenance activities implies that we too behave in a rational and planned way, and - hopefully - respond favorably to planned maintenance actions. 

The existence of breakdown maintenance unquestionable. The maintenance activity is necessary to restore machinery equipment back to service after failure modes developed that were ... 

Fire precautions including control of ignition sources, e.g. smoking, maintenance activities, vehicular access (see Chapter 6) and limitation of combustible materials, e.g. packaging. 

Records should be kept of chemical and physical crop maintenance activities in the treated and control plots. 

For some of the treatment profiles, the specific components that make up the total cost were not provided in the source materials, such as for capital or operation and maintenance activities. In other cases, the types of contaminants present at the sites, other than MTBE, were not identified in the source materials. Sites may have been contaminated with gasoline components such as petroleum hydrocarbons, as well as oxygenates, and the treatment costs reported are for cleanup of both the gasoline components and oxygenates. 

Maintenance activities During the first 18 months, irrigation was conducted to help establish the vegetation. Once or twice a year, brush is cleared to comply with Fire Department regulations. Prior to the rainy season, an inspection is conducted to check and clear debris basins and deck inlets. No mowing activities or fertilizer applications have been conducted or are planned. 

Plant-protection products are used in agriculture, horticulture, and elsewhere in order to prevent major yield and quality losses. They are an integral part of various types of crop maintenance measures. This means that other maintenance activities may make it necessary to re-enter treated areas relatively shortly after application (i.e., within the normal time frame for major plant-protection activities). The type of work to be done and the point of time for re-entering relative to the time of application of a plant-protection product may vary from crop to crop. 

It is therefore advisable to group the various crop habitats and maintenance activities into "re-entry scenarios" and to determine whether standard values for the initial DFR shortly after the first application and generic transfer factors for the level of dermal exposure for each scenario can be developed. Investigations to this end have been carried out over the last two decades, primarily in the U.S. The generic transfer factors for a number of... 

Note that, as a matter of precaution, greenhouses/closed rooms should be thoroughly ventilated after each treatment, regardless of whether the product is classified and labeled in regard to health protection or whether the risk assessment reveals a specific exposure risk for workers. In a similar sense, and whenever possible, crop maintenance activities should be finished before plant-protection products are applied. 

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