Laundry Detergent

Heavy Duty Liquid Laundry Detergent Type TA 

Sodium lauryl sulfate (anionic surfactant) Stepan Bio Soft D-62 (LAS-anionic surfactant Triethanolamine (TEA) 

Potassium Citrate (Haarman Reimer Corp.) Ethyl alcohol Calcium chloride Sodium borate (borax) 

Dissolve the Potassium Citrate, calcium chloride and sodium borate in approximately 20 ml water. Apply heat if necessary to dissolve. Combine the surfactants, TEA, propylene glycol and ethyl alcohol. Add the Potassium Citrate, calcium chloride and sodium borate solution. Adjust the pH of the solution to B.O with TEA or dilute sodium hydroxide. Add the Protease. 

The addition of fragrance, dye, optical brightener, antiredeposition agent, corrosion agent, corrosion inhibitor, etc., i s opti onal. 

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Lighter C —Cg a-olefias and Cg branched olefins are converted by the oxo process into fatty acids containing one carbon number greater than the starting a-olefin. These fatty acids are then used to produce alkenylhen enesulfonic acid products which are used ia the United States and ia Europe as perborate bleach activators ia heavy-duty laundry detergents. 

This reaction is the basis for the Fluff detergent process (26). The heat evolved coupled with the hydration of the STP is sufficient to dry the reaction mass to yield a light density laundry detergent. Requiring a low capital investment, the Fluff process has found use in less-industrialized countries. 

H. B. May, H. Nijs, and V. Godechades, "Phosphonates Multihmctional Ingredients for Laundry Detergents," 59th Annual Convention of the Soap and Detergent Association, Boca Raton, Fla., 1986. 

The new Uquid laundry detergents, with no phosphates, have developed a use for alkan olamines. In nonenzyme formulations, they contribute alkalinity, pH control, and enhanced product stabiUty. In enzyme products, alkan olamines contribute to the stabiUty of the enzyme in water solutions (107). 

Sodium sulfate in moderation is used as a diuretic and cathartic for humans and animals (14) (see Gastrointestinal agents). It is also used in consumer products such as laxatives, antacids, and as a natural filler it is used extensively in powdered laundry detergents (see Detergency). 

About 2% of benzene consumed in 1988 was used for the manufacture of straight-chain or branched-chain detergent alkylate. Linear alkane sulfonates (LAS) are widely used as household and laundry detergents. 

Lithium hypochlorite is used in I I laundry detergents and I I dry laundry bleaches. Like sodium hypochlorite, it does not precipitate soaps and other anionic detergents. However, lithium hypochlorite is an expensive source of available chlorine and not much is used for bleaching. Its principal use is as a shocking agent for swimming pool disinfection. 

Because of its functionaUty and environmental acceptabiUty, citric acid and its salts (primarily sodium and potassium) are used in many industrial appbcations for cbelation, buffering, pH adjustment, and derivatization. These uses include laundry detergents, shampoos, cosmetics, enhanced oil recovery, and chemical cleaning. 

CeUulases have appeared in a few laundry detergents around the world. Since there are few, if any, ceUulase-based soils present on home laundry, any laundering benefit from ceUulase would be expected to come from action on cotton fabric. The nature and magnitude of such benefits is uncertain (see Enzya s, Ejdusthial Applications). 

Several cleaning formulations for specific uses contain unreacted polyamines. Examples include mixtures of ammonium alkylbenzenesulfonate, solvents, and PIP which give good cleaning and shine performance on mirrors and other hard surfaces without rinsing (305), and a hard-surface cleaner composed of a water-soluble vinyl acetate—vinyl alcohol copolymer, EDA, cyclohexanone [108-94-1] dimethyl sulfoxide [67-68-5] a surfactant, and water (306). TEPA, to which an average of 17 moles of ethylene oxide are added, improves the clay sod removal and sod antiredeposition properties of certain hquid laundry detergents (307). 

Alpha-amylases are characterized by attacking the starch polymer in an endo fashion, randomly cleaving internal 1,4-bonds to yield shorter, water-soluble dextrins. They are the preferred type of amylase for laundry detergents, and are included in both powder and Hquid formulations in many countries. 

Bacterial a-amylases used in laundry detergents are fully compatible with detergent proteases, ie, the two enzymes work together in the wash process. During storage in both powder and Hquid detergents, the amylases are very stable in the presence of proteases. 

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