Everyday life

This invaluable French-English, English-French dictionary includes both the literary and dated vocabulary needed by students, and the up-to-date slang and specialized vocabulary (scientific, legal, sporting, etc) needed in everyday life. As a passport to the French language, it is second to none. 

After aluminium, iron is the most abundant metal and the fourth most abundant of all the elements it occurs chiefly as oxides (for example haematite (FCjO,), magnetite (lodestonej (FC3O4) and as iron pyrites FeSj- Free iron is found in meteorites, and it is probable that primitive man used this source of iron for tools and weapons. The extraction of iron began several thousand years ago, and it is still the most important metal in everyday life because of its abundance and cheapness, and its ability to be cast, drawn and forged for a variety of uses. 

The era of the Evans and Sutherland computer systems vanished in the first half of the 1980s, when powerful and more economical workstations were introduced. In spite of advances in computer graphics and in CPU power, these workstations dominate the everyday life of molecular modeling even today. 

Chemists make compounds and strive to understand their reactions. My own interest lies in the chemistry of the compounds of the elements carbon and hydrogen, called hydrocarbons. These make up petroleum oil and natural gas and thus are in many ways essential for everyday life. They generate energy and heat our houses, fuel our cars and airplanes and are raw materials for most manmade materials ranging from plastics to pharmaceuticals. Many of the chemical reactions essential to hydrocarbons are catalyzed by acids and proceed through positive ion intermediates, called carbocations. 

Ethylene (as well as propylene) produced from carbon dioxide subsequently allows ready preparation of the whole array of hydrocarbons, as well as their derivatives and products that have become essential to our everyday life. Whereas the nineteenth century relied mostly on coal for energy as well as derived chemical products, the twentieth century greatly supplemented this with petroleum and nat-... 

Many elements are familiar to us in everyday life. Iron is an element used for making ships, cars, spades, etc. There are about 90 such familiar elements, including helium, oxygen, nitrogen, mercury, platinum, and gold. As an element, iron consists of atoms of iron, the smallest building blocks, each of which is indivisible by chemical means. A lump of iron comprises millions, trillions, and zillions of atoms, and the mass of each atom of iron is very small, about 10 g In a piece of iron weighing 50 g, there are about lO atoms. 

Improvements in separation techniques, quaHty control, and avaHabHity of rare-earth compounds in various chemical forms, ie, mixed oxides, metals, and aHoys of various purity, morphology, and reactivity, have made these materials an essential part of everyday life. 

The growth of electroless plating is directiy traceable to (/) the discovery that some alloys produced by electroless deposition, notably nickel phosphoms, have unique properties (2) the growth of the electronics industry, especially the development of printed circuits (see Electronic coatings Integrated circuits) and (i) the large-scale introduction of plastics into everyday life. 

Does your house have air conditioning, or a heat pump Do you have solar he,- ig, a Jacu22i bath, swimming pool, aquarium, solar heating, a roof mounted water storage tank, a well, a power assisted commode, a motorboat, a jet ski, ATV or camper Then you have even more mechanical sealed pumps. We have mechanical sealed pumps in practically all facets of our everyday life, and these pump seals last for years wii problems. 

The order of magnitude of cuiTents and voltages related to static electricity are of different orders of magnitude from those common to us from everyday life. 

Sociocusis Hearing loss that results from exposure to the noises of everyday life. 

More than two decades have passed since the first edition of this book appeared in 1975. During that time, composite materials have progressed from almost an engineering curiosity to a widely used material in aerospace applications, as well as many other applications in everyday life. Accordingly, the contents of the first edition, although in most respects timeless fundamental mechanical behavior and mechanics analyses, must be expanded and updated. 

These eiTors occur, not in spite of the fact that someone is well-trained but because he or she is well-trained. Routine operations are relegated to the lower levels of the brain and are not continuously monitored by tbe conscious mind. We would never get through the day if everything we did required our full attention. When the normal pattern or program of actions is interrupted for any reason, errors are likely to occur. These slips are very similar to those we make in everyday life. Reason and Mycielska [1] have described the psychology of such slips. 

Risk communication comes into play because citizens ultimately determine wliich risks govermiient agencies attack. On tlie surface, it appears practical to remedy tlie most severe risks first, leaving tlie others until later or perhaps, if tlie risks are small enougli, never remedying tlie others at all. However, tlie behavior of individuals in everyday life often does not conform with tliis view. 

Phosphaies are used in an astonishing variety of donicsiic and industrial applications but their ubiquitous presence and their substantial impact on everyday life is frequently overlo(4ted. It will be convenient first lo indicate the specihc uses of individual compounds and the properties on which ihey are based, then to conclude with a brief summary of many diffcreni types of application and their interrelation. TTie most widely used compounds are the various phosphate salts of Na, K. NH4 and Ca. TTie uses of di-. iri- and poly-phosphaie.s are mentioned on pp. 527-29. 

Many plastic products seen in everyday life are not required to undergo sophisticated design analysis because they are not required to withstand extreme loading conditions such as creep and fatigue loads. Examples include containers cups toys boxes housings for computers, radios, televisions and the like and nonstructural or secondary structural products of various kinds in buildings, aircraft, appliances, and electronic devices. These type products require reviewing... 

In everyday life, a rate is defined as the change in a property divided by the time that it takes for that change to take place. For instance, the speed of an automobile, the rate of change of its position, is defined as distance traveled divided by the time taken. We get the average speed if we divide the length of the journey by the total time for the journey we get the instantaneous speed by reading the speedometer at some point on its journey. In chemistry, we express rates in terms of... 

Many chemicals are often referred to by their common names, sometimes as a result of their use over hundreds of years and sometimes because they appear on the labels of consumer products, such as detergents, beverages, and antacids. The following names are just a few that have found their way into the language of everyday life. 

With the increasing use of polymers in both the home and the workplace, there seems to have been a change in the nature of fires. Fire brigades now report fires that are shorter and more intense than previously there is also much more smoke and significantly greater amounts of toxic gases. All of these arise from the nature of the polymers being used in everyday life. 

Learning the chemistry that has direct application in everyday life for example, understanding why stain-removers work in particular contexts ... 

Practical or functional chemical literacy that is needed for a person to function normally in respect of food, health and shelter in everyday life. 

When trying to understand and to manipulate matter and materials, chemistry does not start by looking at the natural world in all its complexity. Rather, it seeks to establish what have been termed exemplar phenomena ideal or simplified examples that are capable of investigation with the tools available at the time (Gilbert, Borrlter, Elmer, 2000). This level consists of representatiorrs of the empirical properties of solids, liquids (taken to include solutions, especially aqueous solutiorts), colloids, gases and aerosols. These properties are perceptible in chemistry laboratories and in everyday life and are therefore able to be meastrred. Examples of such properties are mass, density, concentration, pH, temperatrrre and osmotic presstrre. 

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