Other Industrial Applications

Algae are being explored for many additional industrial-scale applications beyond therapeutics and biofuels. Some of these involve alternative uses for algal biomass left over after lipid extraction, while others require genetically engineered strains. 

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Other Industrial Applications. High pressures are used industrially for many other specialized appHcations. Apart from mechanical uses in which hydrauhc pressure is used to supply power or to generate Hquid jets for mining minerals or cutting metal sheets and fabrics, most of these other operations are batch processes. Eor example, metallurgical appHcations include isostatic compaction, hot isostatic compaction (HIP), and the hydrostatic extmsion of metals. Other appHcations such as the hydrothermal synthesis of quartz (see Silica, synthetic quartz crystals), or the synthesis of industrial diamonds involve changing the phase of a substance under pressure. In the case of the synthesis of diamonds, conditions of 6 GPa (870,000 psi) and 1500°C are used (see Carbon, diamond, synthetic). 

The toughness and transparency of polycarbonates has also led to a number of other industrial applications. In Great Britain one of the first established uses was for compressed air lubricator bowls. In the first five years of commercial... 

Other industrial applications of electrolysis include extraction/purification of metals from ores, electroplating, and the manufacture of certain chemicals such as sodium hydroxide. In the latter, sodium chloride solution when electrolysed is converted to sodium hydroxide to produce chlorine at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode. Both of these gaseous by-products are collected for industrial use chlorine is used in the production of bleach and PVC hydrogen is used as a fuel, to saturate fats, and to make ammonia. 

Another common device used in the rubber industry is the thin film evaporator. This device is very often used in the manufacture of ultra-low molecular weight elastomers that are used in sealant applications or specialty coatings, and as processing aids in conventional rubber compounding processes. The thin film evaporator described earlier, has found a multitude of other industry applications, including food processing operations. 

Apart from considerations given to corrosion resistance and suitability for hazardous (classified) areas, the selection of electric motors for oil field applications is the same as the selection of electric motors for other industrial applications. One exception may be the selection of motors for areas where electric power is self-generated. Frequency and voltage variations may occasionally occur at such locations. For such locations, consideration should be given to specifying motors which are tolerant to at least 10% voltage variations and 5% frequency variations. 

Polyacrylamide (pAM) and copolymers of acrylamide are used on a large scale in waste water treatment and other industrial applications. All of these reasons show that the production and use of polyacrylamide (pAM) and copolymers of acrylamide are a material objective. 

The effect of polymer additives on turbulent flow is at the origin of the important phenomenon of drag reduction and has found other industrial applications such as oil recovery and antimisting action. Drag reduction in dilute polymer solutions... 

Due to their favorable solubility, alkanesulfonates are preferred as surfactants in liquid products and concentrates. The recent trend to renewable resources has led to a somewhat reduced use in formulations of household detergents in past years. While some manufacturers have withdrawn these surfactants from, for example, manual dishwashing detergents, others did not. Besides many other industrial applications, alkanesulfonates are one of the most important emulsifiers in vinyl polymerization. 

T. Sanner, A. P. Kightlinger, and J. R. Davis. Borate-starch compositions for use in oil field and other industrial applications. Patent US 5559082, 1996. 

Other industrial applications of 2DLC are known and have been used for applications from quality assurance to synthesis research. These applications will drive 2DLC into new areas as many of the applications used in industry cannot easily be obtained by other means. The analysis of polymers and other industrially useful molecules will be aided by further developments in 2DLC column and instrumental methodologies. 

Other industrial applications of the concept include that for coating tablets in the pharmaceutical industry (Wurster et al. 1965), for drying of... 

Particle size of the silica and tight control of its size distribution decides the ability of the compounded silicone rubber to be optically clear, even at quite high levels of addition. This feature can be used to advantage in a number of medical applications such as intraocular and contact lenses, medical tubing, flexible lights and a number of other industrial applications where sustained clarity of transparency is important. 

Thus, the systems used to monitor and control the process are conventional. Process materials (with the exception of agents and energetics), temperatures, and pressures used in this technology package are commonly used in other industrial applications, where they are routinely monitored and controlled. The usual collection of equipment for monitoring temperature, pressure, level control, flow, and other parameters normally measured in a chemical plant is used. The analytical procedures to be used to monitor certain streams will be new, and they present the greatest uncertainty. 

Uses. As a coating on cooking utensils, reaction vessels, and other industrial applications to prevent sticking... 

The epoxidation of vegetable oil triglycerides is a well-known technology. Epoxidized vegetable oils found use in other industrial applications before their... 

Iodine is used in many dyes and as a colorant for foods and cosmetics. Its silver salt is used in photographic negative emulsions. Other industrial applications include dehydrogenation of butane and butylenes to 1,3-butadiene as a catalyst in many organic reactions in treatment of naphtha to yield high octane motor fuel and in preparation of many metals in high purity grade, such as titanium, zirconium and hafnium. 

When immobilized glucose isomerase was introduced in the early seventies, it was believed, that other industrial applications of immobihzed enzymes would soon be found, but this turned out not to be trae. The main limitation to the use of immobilized enzymes is that the substrate has to be soluble and highly purified in order to avoid clogging of the enzyme bed. In the case of glucose isomerase the cost of purifying the syrup (carbon treatment, ion exchange) before the fixed bed isomerase reactors is substantially higher than the enzyme costs. 

Physically modified potato starch is preferred in processed foods because of its improved functional properties over those of its native counterpart. Moreover, this modified strach can be safely used in different food products and other industrial applications. Different physical... 

Radioactive wastes arise in many different forms and from a wide range of activities. The main streams come from plants and processes associated with nuclear power production and research, and unfortunately also from widespread military applications. There are other industrial applications also producing minor radioactive waste volumes. Categorization schemes are normally based on the following attributes ... 

Coumarin is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, but for commercial use has been mostly produced synthetically for many years. In addition to its use in the perfumery, cosmetic and related industries, coumarin has several other industrial applications. Formerly, large quantities of coumarin were used in the food industry, mostly associated with vanillin, for flavouring chocolates, baked goods, and in cream soda-flavoured beverages (Perone, 1972), but since 1954 its use as a direct food additive has been suspended in the United States (Boisde Meuly, 1993 Lake, 1999). 

ON THE BORDER BETWEEN CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY - NANOTECHNOLOGY AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS... 

Nanotechnology and Other Industrial Applications of Supramolecular Systems... 

Chromium oxide is equally important as a colorant and in its other industrial applications. As a pigment, it is used predominantly in the paint and coatings industry for high quality green paints with special requirements, especially for steel constructions (coil coating), facade coatings (emulsion paints), and automotive coatings. 

Other industrial applications requiring a very heavy duty detergent. 

The quaternary ammonium compounds (23) and (24) are most often used as disinfectants and sanitizers for hard surfaces. Other industrial applications are limited to slimicides for paper mills and cooling-water systems. 

A recent survey of the patent literature (B-79MI11510) gives other industrial applications of corrosion inhibitors. 

The Standard DIN EN or ANSI ASME components are generally only used for the pressure range below 200 bar in the process industry and will not be discussed further here. There are historical roots which have generated special high-pressure standards for the chemical industries earlier than was the case for other industrial applications, e.g., for the power engineering sector. The technical reasons for this fact are numerous and are based on the special requirements in the process industries ... 

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