Storage product handling

Most A1F. and cryoHte producers have their own HF production faciUties. HF vapor is reacted with alumina trihydrate to form A1F. in a fluid-bed reactor. HF is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form sodium fluoride, which is then used to produce cryoHte. Producers who manufacture these products solely for use in the aluminum industry do not generally install Hquid HF storage and handling faciHties, and do not participate in the merchant HF market. 

T)u Pont Wasp Polymerisation Initiators—Properties, Uses, Storage and Handling, Product Information BuUetin, Du Pont Chemicals, Wilmington, De., July 1984. 

Storage tanks, lines, and pumps should be heat traced and insulated to enable product handling. Temperature control is required to prevent product degradation because of color alkan olamines have poor heat transfer properties. Exposure to air will also cause product discoloration. Storage tanks should be nitrogen-padded if low color product is required. 

Liquid polyalurninum chloride is acidic and corrosive to common metals. Suitable materials for constmction of storage and handling facilities include synthetic mbber-lined steel, corrosion resistant fiber glass reinforced plastics (FRP), ceramics, tetrafluoroethylene polymer (PTFE), poly(vinyhdene fluoride) (PVDF), polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVG). Suitable shipping containers include mbber-lined tank tmcks and rail cars for bulk shipment and plastic-lined or aH-plastic dmms and tote bins for smaller quantities. Except for aluminum chlorohydrates, PAG products are shipped as hazardous substances because of their acidity. 

DuPont Guide to Radiochemical Storage and Handling, DuPont/NEN Research Products, Boston, Mass., 1990. 

Inventory Manag ement and Improved Operations. (/) Inventory and trace all raw materials. 2) Purchase fewer toxic and more nontoxic production materials. (I) Implement employee training and management feedback. (4) Improve material receiving, storage, and handling practices. 

Guide for the Safe Storage and Handling of Heated Petroleum-Derived Msphalt Products and Crude Oil Residue, PubUcation 2023, American Petroleum Institute, Washiagton, D.C., Mar. 1977. 

The majority of refineries operated by petroleum companies in different parts of the world to make local products, such as gasoline and burner fuels, also produce jet fuels. Even a small refinery with simple equipment can make suitable jet fuel if it has access to the right cmde. However, the principal supply of both civil and military jet fuels is produced in large refineries. Many are located near major cities and airports and are frequentiy connected by pipeline directiy to the airport. Modem airports have extensive storage and handling faciUties operated by local authorities, petroleum companies or consortia, or the airlines themselves. 

Sodium chlorite is the only chlorite compound produced on a commercial scale. Technical-grade sodium chlorite is an 80 wt % assay soHd product containing other added salts, such as sodium chloride, which act as diluents for increased safety ia storage and handling. The various sodium chlorite solution grades similarly have varying amounts of other salts. 

Equipment Costs The cost of dehvered equipment forms the basis of most methods of estimating the fixed-capital cost. The equipment required can usually be divided into (1) processing equipment, (2) equipment for handling and storage of raw materials, and (3) finished products handling and storage equipment. 

Systems Approach Physical distribution is a term applied to a systems concept that comprises the entire spectrum of materials movement. The system begins with the storage and handling of raw materials and follows right on through the packaging and disposition of the finished product. The aim is the attainment of the lowest over-... 

The technical package may specify a scope and frequency for periodic audits and performance criteria that could lead to changing the audit frequency. It may be a general safety and environmental performance audit or a special audit for items such as raw material storage and handling, quality control methods and documentation. The proprietary nature of a process or product or the complexity of the toll could be a reason to establish a more frequent audit schedule for certain tolls. Audits can also be conducted to follow-up on previously identified shortcomings to document that they were addressed properly. 

As a general rule, vacuum relief devices are permitted on offsite storage vessels handling clean finished products, since there is essentially no possibility of an internal ignition source. However, vacuum relief devices which permit breaking of a vacuum with inerts or flammable vapors are not permitted on process equipment, since they are not judged to be sufficiently rehable to provide adequate protection under all circumstances. Vacuum devices which permit air to enter may be considered, however, in cases where the equipment does not or cannot contain flammables e.g., some steam systems. 

Yield of the crude product according to the NMR spectra. In parentheses yield of the isolated pure hydrazine. Hydrazines arc known to be prone to air oxidation and unstable upon storage or handling on silica gel. This might be the reason for the considerable loss of yield during purification. 

The selection of materials of construction for the equipment and facilities to produce any and all chemicals is a Keystone subject of chemical engineering. The chemical products desired cannot be manufactured without considering the selection of the optimum materials of construction used as the containers for the safe, economical manufacture, and required product quahty, i.e., production, handling, transporting, and storage of the products desired. Therefore, within this Section, the selection of materials of construction [for use within the chemical process industries (CPI), and hy their consumers] is guided by the general subjects addressed herein. 

National Fire Protection Association. Standard for the Production, Storage and Handling of Liquified Natural Gases. NFPA 59A. Quincy, MA. 

Miller divides the plant into four areas Battery Limits, Storage and Handling, Utilities, and Services. The last three can often be estimated separately. They are a function of size of the facility and do not depend on the type of product being made. For instance, a steam plant, a warehouse, or an office building are the same... 

Goldmann IL, Kader AA and Heintz C. 1999. Influence of production, handling, and storage on phytonutrient content of foods. Nutr Rev 57 46-52. 

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