Office building

Each year, Americans report over three million fires leading to 29,000 injuries and 4,500 deaths (1). The direct property losses exceed 8 biUion (1) and the total annual cost to our society has been estimated at over 100 biUion (2). Personal losses occur mosdy in residences where furniture, wall coverings, and clothes are frequently the fuel. Large financial losses occur in commercial stmctures such as office buildings and warehouses. Fires also occur in airplanes, buses, and trains. 

A lemon scent pumped through the air-conditioning system of a Japanese office building increased workers productivity. 

Sihcone contamination has been impHcated as a cause of failure in telephone switching systems and other devices that contain relay switch contacts (507). Analysis of airborne particulates near telephone switching stations showed the presence of siUcones at these locations. Where the indoor use of sihcones is intentionally minimised, outdoor levels were found to be higher than inside concentrations (508). Samples of particulates taken at two New Jersey office buildings revealed sihcone levels that were considerably higher indoors than outdoors. In these cases, indoor sihcone aerosols are beheved to be generated primarily by photocopiers, which use sihcone fuser oils. 

The U-tube exchanger with copper tubes, cast-iron header, and other parts of carbon steel is used for water and steam services in office buildings, schools, hospitals, hotels, etc. Nonferrous tube sheets and admiralty or 90-10 copper-nickel tubes are the most frequently used substitute materials. These standard exchangers are available from a number of manufacturers at costs far below those of custom-built process-industry equipment. 

Fig. 9-2. Old post office building being cleaned in St. Louis, Missouri, 1963. Source Photo bv H. Neff Jenkins.

Bayer, C. W., and Black, M. S. (1988a) Indoor Air Quality Evaluations of Three Office Buildings Two of Conventional Construction Designs and One of a Special Design to Reduce Indoor Air Contaminants. Georgia Institute of Technology, Athens, GA. 

Withdrawn) 1983 AMD 3 Eire precautions m the design, constiaiction and use of buildings. Part 3 Code of practice for office buildings (AMD 6160) dated 31 October 1989. Withdrawn, superseded by BS 5588 Part 11 1997... 

Ms. Sue Vaughn, Title III Coordinator State Emergency Response Commission Department of Environmental Protection State Office Building, Room 161 165 Capitol Avenue Hartford, CT06106 (203) 566-4856... 

This is the usual method of ventilation in domestic dwellings and many small office buildings and workshops. New standards, however, require buildings to have set ventilation rates, which require mechanical ventilation systems. However, as covered later, use is made of natural ventilation to control the air-change rate, regardless of the external conditions. This approach is not practical for industrial applications. 

Space requirements for air-handling systems are briefly described in the draft European Standard prEN 13779, which, however, is targeted to commercial, public, and office buildings. These requirements also take into account the need for service and maintenance. In industrial applications the... 

FIGURE 11.41 In muhizone models, zones are represented by nodes which are Interconnected by flow conductances. A typical network is given for the first floor of a multistory office building. 

The two main uses for gold are in settling international debts and in the manufacture of jewellery, but other important uses are in dentistry, the electronics industry (corrosion-free contacts), and the aerospace industry (brazing alloys and heat reflection), while in office buildings it has... 

As the science of indoor air quality has matured, indoor air professionals have realized that many indoor air contaminants and the associated health effects are linked to specific types of buildings and their characteristics. For example, radon is primarily an indoor air concern in homes because of the ease with which it can be transported inside residential construction from the soil beneath. On the other hand. Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) primarily afflicts office building occupants who experience acute health and comfort effects that appear to be linked to time spent in a specific building. 

Persily, A., and Norford, L. (1987). Simultaneous Measurements of Infiltration and Intake in an Office Building. ASHRAE Transactions 93(2) 42-56. 

Koomey, J. (1990). Energy Efficiency Choices in New Office Buildings An Investigation of Market Failures and Corrective Policies. PhD thesis. Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley. . 

Johnson, R. Connell, D. Selkowitz, S. and Aiasteh, D. (1985). Advanced Optical Materials for Dayhghting in Office Buildings. Tenth National Passive Solar Conference Proceedings, American Solar Energy Society, Inc. 

Installations in buildings used by the electric utility, such as office buildings, warehouses, garages, machine shops, and recreational buildings that are not an integral part of a generating plant, substation, or control center. 

Flixborough, U.K. (Ref. 20) 28 (18 in buildings) A cyclohexane release resulted in an explosion that destroyed the main office building, gate house, and two control buildings, one of which was 345 ft (105 m) from the explosion center. 

A flammable hydrocarbon gas that is lighter than air is processed at a small facility. An office building is located 75 ft (15 m) from the processing equipment. Because of the size of the facility, no pipe racks or other significantly sized equipment are in the area that can create confinement or congestion if a release occurs. Further, the flammable gas is processed at low pressures and ambient temperatures. 

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