Performance environmental

The most common argument in support of organic farming is its positive environmental impact. However, selective support for organic practices on 

Legend Organic farming performs + much better, + better, 0 the same, - worse, much worse than  

X Subjective confidence interval of the final assessment which is marked with X  

1 Background to the environmental Impact of organic farming on the indicator categories given in Table 3.1 

Ecosystem indicators floral and faunal biodiversity, habitat diversity and landscape conservation 

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The environmental performance of companies within the industry is normally subject to the legislative requirements of the host government, but is increasingly becoming scrutinised by the public, as available information and general levels of awareness increase. Major companies see responsible management of the environmental aspects of their operations as crucial to the future of their business. The approval of loans from major banks for project finance is usually conditional on acceptable environmental management. 

The gasification plant is equipped with two Texaco gasifiers, each capable of producing all of the synthesis gas required for operation of the complex. Eastman chose an entrained-bed gasification process for the Chemicals from Coal project because of three attractive features. The product gas composition using locally available coal is particularly suitable for production of the desired chemicals. Also, the process has excellent environmental performance and generates no Hquids or tars. EinaHy, the process can be operated at the elevated pressure required for the downstream chemical plants. 

Other regulations apply in different offshore drilling areas in the United States and around the world. AH have had a profound effect on drilling fluid technology (169,170). Very few instances of water-base muds failing the mysid bioassay test exist in the 1990s. Operators and service companies have eliminated use of the mote toxic additives, reformulated old mud systems, and developed new ones to ensure acceptable environmental performance based on pertinent regulations. 

One advantage of modem coal gasification combined cycle systems is excellent environmental performance. Not only are regulatory standards met, but emissions and effluents are well below accepted levels (13,16,28). 

The technical package may specify a scope and frequency for periodic audits and performance criteria that could lead to changing the audit frequency. It may be a general safety and environmental performance audit or a special audit for items such as raw material storage and handling, quality control methods and documentation. The proprietary nature of a process or product or the complexity of the toll could be a reason to establish a more frequent audit schedule for certain tolls. Audits can also be conducted to follow-up on previously identified shortcomings to document that they were addressed properly. 

The toxic chemical release data obtained from TRI provides detailed information on the majority of facilities in the iron and steel industry in the United States. It also allows for a comparison across years and industry sectors. Reported chemicals are limited however to the 316 reported chemicals. The TRI is important to look at not only from understanding the magnitude and types of pollutants, but from the standpoint of individual plant operations benchmarking their environmental performance against industry averages. 

A P2 audit differs from most other types of audits because it makes use of a dual benchmarking approach namely, it uses both technical (environmental performance) and financial performance as its basis for making corrective actions. The status quo most often serves as the benchmark, though other standards certainly can be devised. A P2 audit can also affect non-environmental issues. The types of corrective actions can affect other types of wastes, energy, occupational safety, product quality, and worker productivity. 

The objectives of the audit are first to develop a baseline of the environmental performance of the facility, and then to assess one or more corrective actions (P2 activities) with attractive economics which improve environmental performance. 

Natural gas containing 98% methane and 2% nitrogen by volume is burned in a furnace with 15% excess air. The fuel consumption is 20 cubic meters per second, measured at 290°K and 101.3 kPa (or 14.7 psia). The problem is to determine how much air is required under these conditions. In addition, we want to determine the baseline environmental performance of the furnace by calculating the quantity and composition of the flue gas. 

T he use of LCA for communicating environmental achievements to interest groups is an important option. In many practical situations, LCA requires much time and effort, and more simple rules of thumb are needed.. Some of these use Environmental Performance Indicators, the so-called EPIs. LCA can be used to full advantage to develop EPI-based rules of thumb. ... 

In addition to regulations, public, owner, and political pressures require ever-better safety and environmental performance. Yet, at the same time, every company needs to find ways to reduce till costs in order to stay competitive. In the face of these apparently conflicting pressures, companies are looking for new ways to manage PSM and ESH issues. 

Perhaps, even more important, is the stagnation in our safety and environmental performance in the last five years. Until five years ago, we had seen dramatic year on year improvement in every aspect of safety and environmental performance. This has slowed down in all areas and ceased altogether in occupational safety. I expect that these changes will invigorate all our programs. Our current safety and environmental performance costs us at least 30 million each year in avoidable costs such as capital damage and clean-up costs. If we could put a dollar value on injuries to our work-force, the savings would likely be ten times this amount. 

A Without an improvement in performance, we would be throwing our money away. The direct cost savings alone would not justify this project. Only when we factor in improved safety and environmental performance does the cost of this project make any sense. We would not be going ahead unless we were confident that real savings are possible. 

A All managers will continue to be held accountable for the safety and environmental performance of their departments. Indeed, part of their annual f>erformance review depends on meeting specific safety and environmental objectives. But, the processes will be redesigned so that they require as little management intervention as possible. Based on our... 

Measuring waste generated and released. Virtually every environmental issue is related to the generation of waste. Therefore, quantities of waste generated over time are good environmental performance measures. 

Improvements in safety and environmental performance will come only slowly. Major accidents are rare, even with poorly managed programs, and any reduction in these will be evident only after several years. Areas where early improvements might be expected are spill response and occupational injuries where improved processes should be effective soon after installation. Work place exposure and environmental emissions may improve over a period of several months. 

Stephen Poltorzycki, Environmental Performance Measurement, Arthur D. Little, Ine. Perspectives Series, 1992. 

Comparison of operational, spatial, servicing simplicity, internal environmental performance (day lighting, thermal transmittance, acoustic break-in/out, etc.), parameters between options. 

In the 20 years since the Brunddand report, great developments have taken place in industries toward sustainable practices. As a case in point, the problem of acid rain, an issue of concern in 1987, has improved to a large extent, thanks to catalytic pollution abatement both in stationary and automotive emissions. Catalysis for Green Chemistry and Engineering will continue to have a cracial role in improving the environmental performance of industry [25-27]. Nowadays, catalytic procedures are often implemented according to the green chemistry... 

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