Local production

The majority of refineries operated by petroleum companies in different parts of the world to make local products, such as gasoline and burner fuels, also produce jet fuels. Even a small refinery with simple equipment can make suitable jet fuel if it has access to the right cmde. However, the principal supply of both civil and military jet fuels is produced in large refineries. Many are located near major cities and airports and are frequentiy connected by pipeline directiy to the airport. Modem airports have extensive storage and handling faciUties operated by local authorities, petroleum companies or consortia, or the airlines themselves. 

The presence of aromatase in the testis and in sperm further emphasises the likelihood that the local production of oestradiol within the male reproductive... 

Logistics—If a company is geographically located such that it can not meet the desired service level and deliveiy requirements of its customers, tolling may provide a local production and distribution site. Shorter transportation routes for hazardous chemicals or wastes may also be a consideration. 

The world war made all these sources of supply difficult of access and stimulated interest in the possibilities of local production. Examination of a number of American species of ephedra had already shown them to be devoid of alkaloids, except for the S. American species E. andina, in which Chavezt found ephedrine, and in the United States attention has been given to the experimental cultivation of imported species, notably E. sinica and E. gerardiana a Moroccan type, E. alenda, was found to contain only ). In Australia experimental cultivation of the Indian species E. gerardiana, E. intermedia and E. nebrodensis has been tried and preliminary yields of 1-35, 1-OS and 0-98 per cent, of total alkaloids respectively have been recorded. In Russia, E. equisetina and E. intermedia are available and are considered to be worth exploitation. In Italy various local species have been found to contain mainly i -ephedrine and that in small amount, but better results are recorded for two species already referred to and which are available in Sardinia, viz. E. vulgaris Rich and E. nebrodensis. ... 

Marine fouling leading to the local production of HjS increases crack growth rate, but what the effect is when combined with CP is uncertain. Some of the factors mentioned earlier in connection with other steel corrosion problems are important to sulphide stress-corrosion cracking, (SSCC), eg. compositions, particularly C which usefully can be reduced to below 0.05%, S, microstructure and segregation . Compositional homogenisation by heat treatment can be beneficial ", whilst the presence of Cu in the... 

In addition to pharmacological approach, HO expression can also be downregulated by HO antisense treatment. Once the antisense is tagged to a specific cell type, cell type-specific local production of CO can be inhibited, which is more advantageous than general inhibition of HO activity by pharmacological compounds. 

For hepatitis B and C, local production of antiviral cytokines at the site of infection, the liver, is expected to be better tolerated than systemic application. Studies... 

PTHrP). This protein mimics the action of endogenous parathyroid hormone on bones. Local osteolytic activity causes 20% to 30% of hypercalcemia cases, although local osteolytic activity also may have a humoral component. Local production of various factors directly stimulates osteoclastic... 

Apart from when they are shopping in large supermarket chains, many consumers want to buy local products. Products which tell a... 

Buttner C, Skupin A, Reimann T, et al. Local production of interleukin-4 during radiation-induced pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis in rats macrophages as a prominent source of interleukin-4. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1997 17(3) 315-325. 

Ahrenstedt, O., Knutson, L., Nilsson, B., Nilsson-Ekdahl, K., Odlind, B. et al., Enhanced local production of complement components in the small intestines of patients with Crohn s disease, N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 322, 1345-1349. 

At <10% market penetration, delivery costs from a central plant located some distance from the city are very high. During this period, local production will likely play an important role. Another alternative would be to utilize gaseous tube trailer delivery from nearby central hydrogen production facilities if such facilities exist near or in that urban area. This could be cost-effective if the ultimate tube trailer carrying capacity target of 1100 kg could be achieved. 

The localized product-NBO view also makes clear the importance of the non-planarity of the TS in achieving favorable hyperconjugative stabilizations, because interactions of 7t-planar geometry. Indeed, one can see that favorable vicinal n-a or a-7r overlap should primarily involve one end (hybrid) of each NBO, oriented, if possible, in the anti conformation for maximum stabilization. This viewpoint allows one to recognize the importance of angular and orientational factors that would not be evident in a purely topological framework. 

Urban agriculture Local agriculture Food security Lower prices Less environmental footprint Less transportation Local production and use Mitigates climate change Recycles wastes Provides employment De Bon et al. (2009) Miah and Hussein (2009)... 

Low levels of mercuric chloride in polymorphonuclear cells may profoundly alter the cell respiratory burst, measured as chemiluminiscence, oxygen consumption and H2Oz production [171-173], depress phagocytic capacity [172, 173] and enhance release of lysosomal enzymes [ 172] with minimal loss of cell viability. A stimulation of oxygen metabolism in vivo might promote tissue injury, via the local production of free oxygen metabolites, in addition to depression of host defence [173],... 

Local production Saves on food miles allows you to taste fruits and cultivars that would never make it into a supermarket... 

It is the damage to DNA in the epithelial cells of the skin that is usually considered to be the cause of the development of melanoma due to excessive exposure to sunlight (Chapter 21). However, an alternative or additional mechanism could be the damage to polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipid in the epithelial cells. This could be due, as in the case of DNA damage, to the local production of free radicals (Appendix 9.6). The damaged polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g. peroxidised or hydroperoxide fatty acids) will disrupt the membrane which might facilitate the binding of key proteins of proliferation to these membranes or result in the production of abnormal eicosanoids either of which could facilitate inappropriate proliferation. 

Encourage local production of essential medicines of assured quality when appropriate and feasible Include WTO/TRIPS compatible safeguards into national legislation and apply Sustainable financing... 

Locally prepared products such as stabilized human serum are attractive because the donors from whom the plasma is harvested have an antibody spectrum that most closely matches the needs of patients drawn from the same population. This analysis shows that for an approximately equivalent dose of 6 g of immunoglobulins the local product is less expensive on a gram-for basis. Additionally, a comparison of the antibody titres (Jacobs and Wood, unpublished) showed a broader spectrum than some of the commercially available commodities. Exchange rate = R9.50 = R14.35. 

Although several factors can influence the flow of blood through the coronary vessels, the most important of these is the local production of vasodilator metabolites that results from stimulation-induced increased work by the heart. a-Adrenoreceptors and -adrenoceptors in the coronary vascular beds do not play a major role in determining the vasodilator effects of the administration of epinephrine or norepinephrine. 

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