Storage facility

All waste hydrocarbon gases (vents, relief valves, and blowdowns) should be routed to a flare or returned to the process through a closed header system. Release of vapors to atmosphere may produce a vapor cloud, and even through the release may be remote from the facility it may drift or the effects of ignition (i.e., blast overpressure) of the cloud will be felt at the facility. 

Atmospheric storage tanks are normally fitted with pressure-vacuum relief valves to reduce vapor emission and evaporation losses to atmosphere. 

If open sampling is provided, the sampling point should be located where adequate dispersion of released vapors will occur. The sampling point should be located so it is easily accessible so human error factors are reduced. 

Process equipment liquid drains should be provided with a sealed drainage system where it is practical and backpressure from the system or containmenation is not a concern. Open drain ports should be avoided and separate sewage and oil water drains provided. Surface drainage should be provided to remove liquid spills immediate and effectively from the process area. Vents on drainage systems should be elevated so as to freely disperse hydrocarbon gases above congested areas that could be released from the system. 

With proper safety precautions and operating procedures the occurrence of explosions in the vapor space of fixed roof storage tanks are a very rare event. A frequency estimate of an explosion once in every 1,000 years, per tank, has been stated. Explosive mixtures may exist in the vapor space of a tank unless precautions are taken. Any vapor will seek an ignition source, so prevention of ignition cannot be guaranteed. This is especially true with liquids that have low conductivity that 

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Storage facilities for end product, water, and fuel not directly connected with the process... 

The legs of the platform can be used as settling tanks or temporary storage facilities for crude oil where oil is exported via tankers, or to allow production to continue in the event of a pipeline shut down. The Brent D platform in the North Sea weighs more than 200,000 tonnes and can store over a million barrels of oil. Topside modules are either installed offshore by lift barges, or can be positioned before the platform is floated out. 

In some cases two tankers are used either alternately loading and transporting, or with one tanker aoting as floating storage facility and the other shuttling to and from a shore terminal. 

The principal equipment for the ultrasonic examination is the P-scan system, PS-4, which is a computerised ultrasonic system, developed by FORCE Institute, for automatic, mechanical and manual ultrasonic examination of welds and materials. The system has documentation and storage facilities for all data related to each inspection operation, and includes visualisation of the inspection results in the form of images of the material volume examined. 

The Driving Module houses power supply, circuits for determination of travel distance (odometer wheels) and circumferential orientation, and a computer and a storage facility for all data recorded. The Driving Module has cups extending to the pipe wall, thus providing the movement of the tool after its launching into the continuous oil flow. 

Hie common acrylic ester monomers are combustible liquids. Commercially, acrylic monomers are shipped with DOT red labels in bulk quantities, tank cars, or tank tmcks. Mild steel is the usual material of choice for the constmction of bulk storage facilities for acrylic monomers. Moisture must be excluded to avoid msting of the tanks and contamination of the monomers. Copper or copper alloys must not be allowed to contact acrylic monomers intended for use in polymerization because copper is an inhibitor (67). 

The Role of the Monitored Retrievable Storage Facility in an Integrated Waste Management System, DOE/RW-0238, Office of Civihan Radioactive Waste Management, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C., 1989. 

Produced fluids (oil, gas, and water) separation and storage facilities... 

Pipelines. The feasibility of pipeline transportation depends on the availability of very large quantities of compatible materials between locations with sufficient storage facilities. Thus, pipeline transportation is predominantly, but not exclusively, limited to the movement of hydrocarbons, many of which are raw materials in the production of petrochemicals. Although proprietary pipelines (qv), generally of short distances, ate not unusual, commercial petroleum pipelines are considered to be common carriers available to serve all customers who can tender sufficient quantities of acceptable liquids for transportation between terminals. 

Indirect Manufacturing Costs Estimates for the cost of payroh overhead, control laboratoiy, general plant overhead, packaging, and storage facilities are best based on company records for similar processes. 

However, Lynn and Howland included in the fixed-capital cost not only money invested in production and storage facilities but also that invested in land, research and development costs, and any auxiliary facihties necessaiy to support the process. Typical values of capit ratios for the year 1958 are listed in Table 9-49. 

Phosphate Fertilizer Industry Granular Triple Superphosphate Storage Facilities Goal Preparation Plants Ferroalloy Production Facilities Steel Plants Electric Arc Furnaces Constructed after October 21, 1974, and on or before August 17,1983... 

Storage Facilities The Fhxborough disaster (Lees, 1980) occurred on June I, 1974, and involved a large, unconfined vapor cloud explosion (or explosions—there may have been two) and Fire that killed 28 people and injured 36 at the plant and many more in the surrounding area. The entire chemical plant was demolished and 1821 houses and 167 shops were damaged. 

In addition, restrictions on industrial air emissions under the Clean Air Act (CAA) as amended in 1977, the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990, and other state and local statutes and regulations have universal impact on the storage of toxic materials, with direct and significant effects on the design and operation of toxic material storage facilities. Whereas the primary factors which once determined how air emissions from storage tanks were handled were fire protection and loss prevention, in recent years environmental protection concerns nearly always determine the extent and nature of the air emission controls required to be installed. 

API Publ 340, Liquid Release Prevention and Detection Measures for Aboveground Storage Facilities, October 1997. 

API Publ 2510A, Fire Protection Considerations for the Design and Operation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities, 2nd ed., December 1996... 

Occasionally, an otherwise good candidate toller may need to be rejected or conditionally approved until assurance can be made that contamination, improper storage facilities, confidentiality and other issues are properly managed. 

Accidental release An unintended or sudden release of chemicals) from manufacturing, processing, handling, or on-site storage facilities to the air, water, or land. 

An auxiliary facility is one that supports another facility s activities (e.g., research and deveiopment iaboratories, warehouses, storage facilities, and waste-treatment facilities). An auxiliary facility can take on the SIC code of another covered facility if its primary function is to service that other covered facility s operations. Thus, a separate warehouse facility (i.e., one not located within the physical boundries of a covered facility) may become a covered facility because it services a facility in SIC codes 20-39. Auxiliary facilities that are in SIC codes 20-39 are required to report it they meet the employee criterion and chemical thresholds for manufacture, process, or use. Auxiliary establishments that are part of a multi-establishment facility must be factored into threshold determinations for the facility as a whole. 

You must report in this section the total annual quantity of the chemical sent to any of the off-site disposal, treatment, or storage facilities for which you have provided an address In Part II. You are not required to report quantities of the chemical sent off-site for purposes of recycle or reuse. Report the amou nt of the toxic chemical transferred off-site after any on-site treatment or removal is completed. Report zero for releases of listed acids and bases if they have been neutralized to pH 6-9 prior to discharge to a POTW. See the discussion under Section 5.3, Discharges to Receiving Streams or Water Bodies (see page 21). 

Accepts data on one or more manufacturing and storage facilities Locations activities and inspection records. 

Slop storage - Slop storage facilities are of three basic types according to the materials handled ... 

The storage facilities at the end of the profile production line depend on the type of product (see Fig. 4.19). If it is rigid then the cooled extrudate may be cut to size on a guillotine for stacking. If the extrudate is flexible then it can be stored on drums. 

Figure 3.4 is an example of a refrigerated storage facility for chlorine. This facility includes a covered spill collection sump which is covered to reduce evaporation to the atmosphere, both by containing the evapo-... 

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