Manufacturing-cost estimation indirect

Indirect Manufacturing Costs Estimates for the cost of payroh overhead, control laboratoiy, general plant overhead, packaging, and storage facilities are best based on company records for similar processes. 

Direct and indirect costs are compared public and private costs are estimated at 3.5-4 times those for EPA in 1981. Among the former is loss of innovation. While several studies of this factor have been made for the industry, their reliability is questioned, due in part to lack of sound data prior to 1976. No mention was made of economic trends affecting corporate expenditures for research and development, or of trends in the maturation of industrial chemistry itself. Other indirect costs, such as concentration of manufacture within the industry, may result from costs of compliance, especially for smaller manufacturers. These factors were not compared with extrinsic factors, such as shifts in feedstock supply and commodity manufacture from the United States to other countries. 

Fire prevention may be considered to be a special aspect of damage control in that it protects the machinery, materials and manufactured goods assets. It also protects the manpower asset, since fire can cause injury as well as damage and because fire damage is a very costly item, it is indirectly protecting the money asset as well. The British Insurance Association has estimated that the total cost of fire losses in the United Kingdom (excluding Northern Ireland) for 1988 was 646.0 million. 

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