Storage facilities pressurized vessels

Localized failures of pressurized piping, process pumps, vessels or other parts of the process under pressure will cause a "torch" or "jet" fire. These fires may project flames in any direction, for a considerable distance, depending on the contained pressures and volumes of the source. Any facility that retains large amounts of high pressure liquids or gases can produce jet for extended periods if adequate isolation and depressurization capability is unavailable. The worst offenders in these cases are wellheads, high pressure gas pipelines and storage facilities. 

A high pressure process or storage vessel should never be "pointed" at manned or critical facilities or other high inventory systems for concerns of a BLEVE of the container with the ends of the vessel rocketing towards the vulnerable location. As a further inherent safety enhancement, spheroid separation vessels may be used in some instances instead of horizontal pressure vessels (bullets). This reduces the possibility of a BLEVE incident directed towards other exposures. 

Storage facilities Tanks, pressure vessels Steam systems Cooling water systems Offsites Special costs Used equipment credit Contingencies Total... 

Facilities for handling liquid ammonia from points of production to points of use are highly developed in the United States. A considerable amount of ammonia is moved hundreds of miles through interstate pipelines. Major pipelines run from points of production in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana oil fields all the way to the intensively farmed mid-western area of the United States. Storage at the points of production and at large terminals sometimes is in pressurized vessels (spheres), but more often it is at atmospheric pressure in large, insulated, refrigerated vessels. 

Alternative fuel transfer options. The LS-VHTR offers the unique refueling option of horizontal transfer of the SNF to a storage facility through a horizontal transport port near the top of the reactor vessel. This option is possible because of two characteristics of this design (1) short SNF block height (small hole size in the reactor vessel) and a low-pressure reactor in which horizontal transfer ports through the reactor vessel wall are a potentially viable option. This option is described below. 

These facilities consist of storage tanks or pressure vessels, loading or unloading facilities, by ship, rail, or truck, metering devices, and pumping or compressor stations. Their capacities are relatively smaller compared to refinery storage and are normally dictated by commercial demands in the bulk storage location. 

---