Types of Storage Facilities

There are many types of storage facilities ranging from simply piling the grain on the ground to modern facilities where the grain is maintained under controlled gas atmospheres (Sauer 1992). 

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What type of storage facilities are available for raw materials as well as finished goods ... 

Although many design requirements and considerations are applicable to all types of storage facilities for spent nuclear fuel, there are other design requirements specific to wet or dry storage facilities. These are discussed below. 

Another extremely important military requirement that is not usually associated with civilian requirements is stability in prolonged storage under adverse conditions. For example, the first lots of fly spray that were shipped to North Africa, in 1942, contained pyrethrum as the principal active ingredient. It was not possible to store this material under cover and much of it remained under constant exposure to the intense tropical sun, undoubtedly deteriorating very rapidly. Covered storage facilities are the exception rather than the rule in a combat theater of operations, and all insecticide compounds furnished to the military forces should withstand this type of storage. 

Salt caverns have been used to store Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for a long time, but the technique is relatively recent for natural gas. It was introduced in the United States in 1961, in Saint-Clair County, Michigan. Today, there are around 60 storage facilities of this type world-wide, 27 are located in the US. The number of this type of storage is increasing rapidly (a lot of new projects especially in Western Europe). 

General archival needs are controlled access, safe and appropriate storage, and retrievability. The types of items to be archived include paper, field samples, test chemical samples, and electronic records. In general the following types of archive facilities are needed sample freezers and cold rooms, test chemical freezers, file cabinets and/or boxes for paper, and magnetic media for electronic records storage. 

Country/facility/type of storage Safety and radiation protection requirements... 

Estimates of working capital requirements fall Into four cireas inventories, accounts receivable, cash in hand, and current liabilities. To estimate these, it is necessary to consider the different production stages in which materials can be found, wdiich are (1) raw materials paid for but not received (a portion of current assets) (2) raw materials on hand but not paid for (a portion of current liabilities) (3) materials in process (4) finished products in store whether on-site orpff-site and (5) finished prod-ucts delivered to customers but not yet paid for (accounts receivable). The calculation of the amounts of each of these material inventories depends on such factors as distance from raw material suppliers, types of contracts for raw material purchases, raw material purchase fh nancing methods, quantity discounts and lot sizes available for raw materials, available modes of transportSition, cost of storage facilities, plant size and capacity, seasonality of sales volumes, marketing system, and customer credit policies. 

The storage facility of the human system is the memory. The memory is divided into two different types of storage, a long-term, large capacity store which requires some time for access, and a short-term working storage which is of very small capacity and rapidly decays, but can be tapped extremely rapidly. 

Judgement may be based on the accident history, type of facility, storage conditions, control technologies in place, and other factors. 

Slop storage - Slop storage facilities are of three basic types according to the materials handled ... 

The storage facilities at the end of the profile production line depend on the type of product (see Fig. 4.19). If it is rigid then the cooled extrudate may be cut to size on a guillotine for stacking. If the extrudate is flexible then it can be stored on drums. 

Just-in-time supply of materials may affect the mode of transportation and could increase risks from the material. For example, drums of a chemical could be stockpiled near a user and not be under the level of control that could be provided by either the supplier or user if the inventory were maintained in a storage tank at one or the other facility. This type of risk should be included when contemplating just-in-time shipments. 

Miller divides the plant into four areas Battery Limits, Storage and Handling, Utilities, and Services. The last three can often be estimated separately. They are a function of size of the facility and do not depend on the type of product being made. For instance, a steam plant, a warehouse, or an office building are the same... 

For onshore facilities, water may be supplied from local public water mains, storage tanks, lakes and rivers. In these cases a conventional horizontal pump is used. The preferred design for onshore fire water pumps is a horizontal centrifugal type with a relatively flat performance curve (i.e., pressure versus quantity). The discharge pressure is determined by the minimum residual pressure required at the most remote location of the facility flowing its highest practical demand with allowances added for piping friction losses. 

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