Serum lipid concentrations, reducing

Nasta et al. also tried to investigate the relationship between cholesterol and mood states in the initial puerperal period. Their results showed that reduced plasma cholesterol concentration was associated with major feelings of fatigue and depressed mood [79]. In addition, West et al. compared the effects of transdermal versus oral estrogens on the vascular resistance index, mean arterial pressure, serum lipid concentrations, norepinephrine, and left ventricular structure in 10 postmenopausal women. The results showed that oral and transdermal estrogen significantly decreased the vascular resistance index, mean arterial pressure, norepinephrine, and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to a similar extent [80],... 

The total serum lipid concentration is reduced by physical conditioning serum cholesterol may be lowered by as much as 25%. HDL cholesterol, however, is increased. Thus the decrease in total cholesterol concentration is mostly due to a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The concentration of serum apolipoprotein A-1 increases with training, whereas the concentration of apolipoprotein B decreases. The serum triglyceride concentration may be reduced by up to 20mg/dL (0.23mmoI/L), but the free fatty acid concentration is higher in fit individuals than others. Loss of body fat is associated with improvement in hpid concentrations. The lactate response to exercise is... 

Thyroid hormones are active by reducing abnormal serum lipid concentrations with the greatest effect on cholesterol-rich low-density lipoproteins with much less effect on TG-rich very low-density lipoproteins. Use of thyroid hormones in patients with ischaemic heart disease should be cautious as their action stimulates tissue oxygen consumption. However, with D-thyroxine a good dissociation of the calori-genic effect from the action on cholesterol metabolism has been obtained. 

The effects of wine and its polyphenol constituents on early indicators of coronary heart disease such as elevated levels of plasma lipids, platelets and serum antioxidant activity were discussed in a review by Cooper et al. (2004). This review also addressed whether the polyphenols or alcohol are responsible for the beneficial effects of wine on cardio-vascular health. The authors conclude that red wine polyphenols have little effect on plasma lipid concentrations, but that wine consumption reduces the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to oxidation and increase serum antioxidant capacity. These effects, however, do depend on the amount of wine that is consumed and the period of supplementation. It was suggested that specific polyphenols appear to have endothelium-dependent vaso-relaxing abilities. Red wine phenolics also have an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Evidence suggests that alcohol has a positive synergistic effect with wine polyphenols on some atherosclerosis risk factors. Thus, evidence that wine drinking is beneficial for cardiac health appears positive. 

In 30 patients with lipodystrophy associated with HAART rosiglitazone 8 mg/day for 24 weeks had no effect on body weight, subcutaneous or intra-abdominal fat, total body fat, anthropometry, or serum leptin concentrations (84). However, it reduced percentage liver fat and serum insulin concentrations and normalized liver function tests. During the first 12 weeks serum triglycerides rose from 3.5 to 6.5 mmol/1 and serum cholesterol from 6.0 to 7.8 mmol/1. The results on insulin resistance and lipid profiles were opposite to those found in a comparable study with pioglitazone (83). 

The effect of PJ consumption by patients with CAS on their serum oxidative state was measured also as serum concentration of antibodies against Ox-LDL.31 A significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the concentration of antibodies against Ox-LDL by 24 and 19% was observed after 1 and 3 months of PJ consumption, respectively (from 2070 61 EU/mL before treatment to 1563 69 and 1670 52 F.lI/mL after 1 and 3 months of PJ consumption, respectively). Total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum from these patients was substantially increased by 2.3-fold (from 0.95 0.12 nmol/L at baseline up to 2.20 0.25 nmol/L after 12 months of PJ consumption). These results indicate that PJ administration to patients with CAS substantially reduced their serum oxidative status and could thus inhibit plasma lipid peroxidation. The susceptibility of the patient s plasma to free radical-induced oxidation decreased after 12 months of PJ consumption by 62% (from 209 18 at baseline to 79 6 nmol of peroxides/milliliter). The effect of PJ consumption on serum oxidative state was recently measured also in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Consumption of 50 mL of PJ per day for a period of 3 months resulted in a significant reduction in serum lipid peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBAR) levels by 56 and 28%, respectively.32... 

Blood lipids. Drinking 5 cups of boiled coffee/day increases serum total cholesterol by up to 10% this does not occur with coffee made by simple filtration. Cessation of coffee drinking crm reduce serum cholesterol concentration in hypercholest-erolaemic men. 

Transdermal treatment reduced triglyceride concentrations by 34%, whereas oral estrogen treatment increased them by 19% at the end of 2 years. Both treatments changed serum lipids favorably. Nevertheless, triglycerides were increased by oral estrogen but reduced by transdermal treatment at 2 years. 

Enteral feedings may also prevent infection by decreasing translocation of bacteria across the gut wall. Preliminary data suggest that probiotics such as lactobacillus (along with a fiber supplement) may reduce bacterial translocation and possibly decrease pancreatic necrosis and abscess. If enteral feeding is not possible, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) should be implemented before protein and calorie depletion becomes advanced. Intravenous lipids should not be withheld unless the serum triglyceride concentration is greater than 500 mg/dL. At present, there is no clear evidence that nutritional support alters outcome in most patients with AP unless malnutrition exists. ... 

A. Mechanism and Effects Fibric acid derivatives (eg, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate) are ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-a) protein, a receptor that regulates transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Tbis interaction with PPAR-a results in increased activity of lipoprotein lipase and enhanced clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (Figure 35-2). Cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver is seeondarily reduced. The fibrates reduce serum triglyceride concentrations (Table 35-3). There may be a small reduction in LDL cholesterol and a small increase in HDL levels. 

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