Red wine polyphenols

NIGDIKAR s v, WILLIAMS N R, GRIFFIN B A, HOWARD A N (1998) Consumption of red wine polyphenols reduces the susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to oxidation in y No, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68, 258-65. 

Kasdallah-Grissa, A. et al. (2007) Resveratrol, a red wine polyphenol, attenuates ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Life Sciences, 80 (11), 1033-1039. 

Gonthier, M.P., Cheynier, V., Donovan, J.L., Manach, C., Morand, C., Mila, I., Lapierre, C., Remesy, C., and Scalbert, A., Microbial aromatic acid metabolites formed in the gut account for a major fraction of the polyphenols excreted in urine of rats fed red wine polyphenols, J. Nutr., 133, 461, 2003. 

Araim, O., Ballantyne, J., Waterhouse, A.L., and Sumpio, B.E., Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation with red wine and red wine polyphenols, J. Vase. Surg., 35, 1226, 2002. 

Leikert, J.F., Rathel, T.R., Wohlfart, P., Cheynier, V., Vollmar, A.M., and Dirsch, V.M., Red wine polyphenols enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and subsequent nitric oxide release from endothelial cells. Circulation, 106, 1614, 2002. 

Fig. (4). Vasodilatory mechanisms of flavonoids. RWPC red wine polyphenolic compounds NO nitric made NOSe nitric oxide synthase endothelial O2 superoxide anions OONO peroxynitrites PKC protein kinase Q AC adenylate cyclase GC guanylate cyclase PDE phosphodiesterase.

The effects of wine and its polyphenol constituents on early indicators of coronary heart disease such as elevated levels of plasma lipids, platelets and serum antioxidant activity were discussed in a review by Cooper et al. (2004). This review also addressed whether the polyphenols or alcohol are responsible for the beneficial effects of wine on cardio-vascular health. The authors conclude that red wine polyphenols have little effect on plasma lipid concentrations, but that wine consumption reduces the susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to oxidation and increase serum antioxidant capacity. These effects, however, do depend on the amount of wine that is consumed and the period of supplementation. It was suggested that specific polyphenols appear to have endothelium-dependent vaso-relaxing abilities. Red wine phenolics also have an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Evidence suggests that alcohol has a positive synergistic effect with wine polyphenols on some atherosclerosis risk factors. Thus, evidence that wine drinking is beneficial for cardiac health appears positive. 

Voltage-gated Ca2 + channels Red wine polyphenols Quercetin Galangin Myricetin... 

Kv channels Aspalathus linearis flavonoids Chalcones Red wine polyphenols... 

Wu YL, Ohsaga A, Oshiro T, Iinuma K, Kondo Y, Ebihara S, Sasaki H, Maruyama Y. 2005. Suppressive effects of red wine polyphenols on voltage-gated ion channels in dorsal root ganglionic neuronal cells. Tohoku J Exp Med 206 141-150. 

Caccetta RA, Burke V, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Puddey IB, Croft KD. 2001. Red wine polyphenols, in the absence of alcohol, reduce lipid peroxidative stress in smoking subjects. Free Radic Biol Med 30 636-642. 

Kiziltepe U, Turan NN, Han U, Ulus AT, Akar F. 2004. Resveratrol, a red wine polyphenol, protects spinal cord from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Vase Surg 40 138-145. 

Wang Y, Lee KW, Chan FL, Chen S, Leung LK. 2006. The red wine polyphenol resveratrol displays bilevel inhibition on aromatase in breast cancer cells. Toxicol Sci 92 71-77. 

Different hypotheses have been raised to explain these purported beneficial effects. Ono et al. have shown that the neuroprotective effects of various polyphenols (e.g., myricetin, morin, and, to a lesser extent, quercetin) may be due to their ability to inhibit amyloid fibrils and to destabilize fibrilized forms of Ap,20 suggesting that they could be considered as new therapeutic agents for the treatment of AP-associated diseases.21 Resveratrol, a red-wine polyphenol, has been proposed to promote the intracellular degradation of Ap by a proteasome-dependent and secretase-independent activity.22 Based on these findings, we compared the effects of polyphenols found in teas and red wine, using the model of AP-induced toxicity in rat hippocampal primary cell cultures. 

Baron-Menguy, C., Boequet, A., Guihot, A. L., Chappard, D., Amiot, M. J., Andriantsitohaina, R., Loufrani, L., Henrion, D. (2007). Effects of red wine polyphenols on postischemic neovascularization model in rats low doses are proangiogenic, high doses anti-angiogenic. FASEB J., 75,3511-3521. 

Ndiaye, M., Chataigneau, M., Lobysheva, 1., Chataigneau, T., Schini-Kerth, V. B. (2005). Red wine polyphenol-induced, endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation is due to the redox-sensitive P13-kinase/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial NO-synthase in the isolated porcine coronary artery. FASEB J., 19, 455 57. 

Oak, M. H., El Bedoui, J., Anglard, R, Schini-Kerth, V. B. (2004). Red wine polyphenolic compounds strongly inhibit pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and its activation in response to thrombin via direct inhibition of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation, 110, 1861-1867. 

Pal, S., Ho, S. S., Takechi, R. (2005). Red wine polyphenolics suppress the secretion of ApoB48 from human intestinal CaCo-2 cells. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 2767-2772. 

Sarr, M., Chataigneau, M., Martins, S., Schott, C., El Bedoui, J., Oak, M. H., Muller, B., Chataigneau, T., Schini-Keith, V. B. (2006). Red wine polyphenols prevent angiotensin 11-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats role of NADPH oxidase. Cardiovasc. Res., 71, 794-802. 

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