Serum apolipoprotein

M34. Murphy, B. G., McNamee, P., Duly, E., Henry, W., Archbold, P., and Trinick, T., Increased serum apolipoprotein(a) in patients with chronic renal failure treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Atherosclerosis (Shannon, Irel.) 93, 53-57 (1992). 

W7. Wang, X. L., Wilcken, D. E. L., and Dudman, N. P. B., Early expression of the apolipopro-tein(a) gene Relationships between infants and their parents serum apolipoprotein (a) levels. Pediatrics 89, 401-406 (1992). 

G2. Ganesan, D., Bradford, R. H., Alaupovic, P., and McConathy, W. J., Differential activation of lipoprotein lipase form human post-heparin plasma, milk and adipose tissue by polypeptides of human serum apolipoprotein C. FEBS (Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.), Lett. 15, 205-208 (1971). 

Jeenah M, Kessling A, Miller N, Humphries S. G to A substitution in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein AI gene is associated with elevated serum apolipoprotein AI and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Mol Biol Med. 1990, 7 233-241. 

F2. Fager, G., Wiklund, O., Olofsson, S.-O., Wilhelmsen, L., and Bondjers, G., Multivariate analysis of serum apolipoproteins and risk factors in relation to acute myocardial infarction. Arteriosclerosis 1, 273-279 (1981). 

Onitiri, A. C., and Jover, E., Comparative serum apolipoprotein studies in ischaemic heart disease and control subjects. Clin. Chim. Acta 108, 25-30 (1980). 

The total serum lipid concentration is reduced by physical conditioning serum cholesterol may be lowered by as much as 25%. HDL cholesterol, however, is increased. Thus the decrease in total cholesterol concentration is mostly due to a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The concentration of serum apolipoprotein A-1 increases with training, whereas the concentration of apolipoprotein B decreases. The serum triglyceride concentration may be reduced by up to 20mg/dL (0.23mmoI/L), but the free fatty acid concentration is higher in fit individuals than others. Loss of body fat is associated with improvement in hpid concentrations. The lactate response to exercise is... 

Yasni, S., Imaizumi, K., Nakamura, M., Aimoto, J., and Sugano, M., Effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and curcuminoids on the level of serum and liver lipids, serum apolipoprotein A-I and lipogenic enzymes in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol, 31 (3), 213-218, 1993. 

Ishikawa T, Fidge N, Thelle DS, Forde OH, Miller NE (1978) The Tromso Heart Study serum apolipoprotein A-I concentration in relation to future coronary heart disease. Eur J Clin Invest 8 179-182... 

Murphy, D.J., Keen, J.N., O Sullivan, J.N., Au, D.M.Y., Edwards, E-W., Jackson, P.J., Cummins, I., Gibbons, T., Shaw, C.H. and Ryan, A.J. (1991) A class of amphipathic proteins associated with lipid storage bodies in plants. Possible similarities with animal serum apolipoproteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1888, 86-94. 

Dionyssiou-Asteriou A, Papastamatiou M, Vatalas lA, Bastounis E. Serum apolipoprotein Al levels in atherosclerotic and diabetic patients. Eur J Vase Endovasc Surg 2002 24 161-165. 

In this in vitro system, the presence of serum in cell culture medium is not necessary, but the type of transwell is important (the total amount of H-triglycerides secreted was two-fold higher when using 3 pm versus 1 pm pore size transwells), and oleic acid supplementation is required for the formation and secretion of CMs as well as the transport of 3-carotene through Caco-2 cells. Finally, the presence of Tween 40 does not affect CM synthesis and secretion in this in vitro cell culture system. Thus, CMs secreted by Caco-2 cells were characterized as particles rich in newly synthesized H-triglycerides (90% of total secreted) containing apolipoprotein B (30% of total secreted) and H-phospholipids (20% of total secreted) and with an average diameter of 60 nm. These characteristics are close to those of CMs secreted in vivo by enterocytes. ... 

Serum amyloids Coagulation factors Tumor necrosis factor Erythrocyte proteins Apolipoproteins... 

More refined analyses have focused on changes in the ratio of serum concentration of apolipoprotein B, the common constituent in all lipoproteins comprising non-HDL cholesterol, to apoliprotein A, the apolipoprotein associated with HDL. Raloxifene was equivalent to HT in lowering the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A ratio in one study (Anderson et al. 2001). 

AP and tau, 6-2 microglobulin Immunoglobulin light chain Serum amyloid A (SAA) Transthyretin (TTR) Apolipoprotein A-l Cystatin A Gelsolin... 

M22. MBewu, A. D., Durrington, P. N., Bullied, S., and Mackness, M. I., The immediate effect of streptokinase on serum lipoprotein(a) concentration and the effect of myocardial infarction on serum lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein A1 and B. lipids and C-reactive protein. Atherosclerosis (Shannon, Irel.) 103, 65-71 (1993). 

Schumacher, M., Kessler, A., Bahlmann, G., and Wood, W. G., Acute changes in concentrations of apolipoproteins A-I,B,C-II and lipoprotein(a) in serum covering the period from directly before 48 hours after chronic haemodialysis. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 32, 123-125 (1994). 

Seed, M., Hopplicher, F., Reaveley, D., McCarthy, S., Thompson, G. R., Boerwinkle, E., and Utermann, G, Relation of serum lipoprotein(a) concentration and apolipoprotein(a) phenotype to coronary heart disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. N. Engl. 

Fig. 10.5 Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-relsled serum levels of APOE, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density hpoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, amyloid- 3 peptide (1 2), and histamine in Alzheimer s disease. (Adapted from refs. 12,59, and 289.)...

Lipoproteins are an important class of serum proteins in which a spherical hydrophobic core of triglycerides or cholesterol esters is surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins (fatbinding proteins). Lipoproteins transport lipid in the circulation and vary in size and density, depending on their proteindipid ratio (Figure 7.3). Lipoprotein metabolism is adversely affected by obesity low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and plasma triglyceride are increased, together with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations. 

Pharmacology Nicotinic acid (but not nicotinamide) in gram doses produces an average 10% to 20% reduction in total and LDL cholesterol, a 30% to 70% reduction in triglycerides, and an average 20% to 35% increase in HDL cholesterol. Nicotinic acid also decreases serum levels of apolipoprotein B-100, the major component of VLDL and LDL fractions. The mechanism by which nicotinic acid exerts these effects is not entirely understood but may involve several actions, including a decrease in esterification of hepatic triglycerides. 

Apolipoprotein A-I. Apolipoproteins are routinely analyzed parameters in serum, and the evidence of their investigation in cerebrospinal fluid remains unique. The biological relevance of these analytes in serum is well known. 

Mechanism of Action Afibricacid derivative that inhibits lipolysis of fat in adipose tissue decreases liver uptake of free fatty acids and reduces hepatic triglyceride production. Inhibits synthesis of VLDL carrier apolipoprotein B. Therapeutic Effect Lowers serum cholesterol and triglycerides (decreases VLDL, LDL increases HDL). Pharmacokinetics Well absorbed from the GI tract. Protein binding 99%. Metabolized in liver. Primarily excreted in urine. Not removed by hemodialysis. Half-life 1.5 hr. 

Fig. 4.5.10 Analysis of core-1 mucin type -linked glycans derived from apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III). Serum-derived ApoC-III from a control (lane 1, left) and a CDG-IIx patient (lane 2, right) was investigated by IEF followed by antibody staining with a polyclonal rabbit-a-human ApoC-III antibody. ApoC-IIfi ApoC-IIEand ApoC-III0 indicate the variability in the amount of sialic acid residues linked to ApoC-III...

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