Nutrition total parenteral

Biomedical Uses. The molybdate ion is added to total parenteral nutrition protocols and appears to alleviate toxicity of some of the amino acid components in these preparations (see Mineral NUTRIENTS) (97). Molybdenum supplements have been shown to reduce iiitrosarnine-induced mammary carcinomas in rats (50). A number of studies have shown that certain heteropolymolybdates (98) and organometaUic molybdenum compounds (99) have antiviral, including anti-AIDS, and antitumor activity (see Antiviral agents Chemotherapeutics, anticancer). 

K. H. Bressler and K. Schultis, iu H. Ghadimi, ed.. Total Parenteral Nutrition Premises and Promises, John. Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1975, pp. 65-83. 

Panthenol is frequently used in ointments and solutions for the treatment of burns, anal fissures, and inflammation of the conjunctiva. The vitamin has to be substituted in patients on total parenteral nutrition and in those who regularly undergo dialysis. Hypervitamin-osis has not been observed for doses up to 5 g/d (22). Furthermore, the administration of pantothenic acid leads to improved surgical wound healing due to its antiinflammatory properties. 

The composition of body fluids remains relatively constant despite the many demands placed on the body each day. On occasion, these demands cannot be met, and electrolytes and fluids must be given in an attempt to restore equilibrium. The solutions used in the management of body fluids discussed in this chapter include blood plasma, plasma protein fractions, protein substrates, energy substrates, plasma proteins, electrolytes, and miscellaneous replacement fluids. Electrolytes are electrically charged particles (ions) that are essential for normal cell function and are involved in various metabolic activities. This chapter discusses the use of electrolytes to replace one or more electrolytes that may be lost by the body. The last section of this chapter gives a brief overview of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). 

When normal enteral feeding in not possible or is inadequate to meet an individual s nutritional needs, intravenous (IV) nutritional therapy or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is required. Products used to meet the IV nutritional requirements of the patient include protein substrates (amino acids), energy substrates (dextrose and fat emulsions), fluids, electrolytes, and trace minerals (see the Summary Drug Table Electrolytes). 

It is common practice to discontinue oral feedings during an attack of acute pancreatitis. In theory, discontinuation of oral intake will decrease the secretory functions of the pancreas and minimize further complications from the disease. Some patients can be fed with minimal oral intake. Tube feeding delivered via a nasojejunal tube will feed the patient beyond the ampulla of Vater, minimizing stimulation of the pancreas.15,16 If oral intake is discontinued for a protracted period, total parenteral nutrition must be used to maintain adequate nutrition.17,18... 

O Parenteral nutrition (PN), also called total parenteral nutrition (TPN), is the intravenous administration of fluids, macronutrients, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements for the purpose of weight maintenance or gain, to preserve or replete lean body mass and visceral proteins, and to support anabolism and nitrogen balance when the oral/enteral route is not feasible or adequate. 

The Veteran Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group. Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. N Eng J Med 1991 325 525-532. 

Rollins C, Thomson C, Crane T. Pharmacotherapeutic issues. In Rolandelli RH, Bankhead R, Boullata JI, Compher CW, eds. Enteral and Tube Feeding. 4th ed. Philadelphia Elsevier 2005 291-305. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. New Engl J Med 2001 345 1359-1367. Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group. Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. New Engl J Med 1991 325 525-532. 

SMA-6 Sequential multipler analyzer for sodium, potassium, TPN Total parenteral nutrition... 

CA Gogos, F Kalfarentzos. Total parenteral nutrition and immune system activity A review. Nutrition 11(4)339-344, 1995. 

Levander, O.A. 1984. The importance of selenium in total parenteral nutrition. Bull. N. Y. Acad Med 60 144-155. Lo, M.T. and E. Sandi. 1980. Selenium occurrence in foods and its toxicological significance. A review. Jour. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 4 193-218. 

Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides macro- and micronutrients by central or peripheral venous access to meet specific nutritional requirements of the patient, promote positive clinical outcomes, and improve quality of life. PN is also referred to as total parenteral nutrition or hyperalimentation. 

To define the incidence of fractures and rickets that we were encountering in infants who required prolonged parenteral feeding, we reviewed the roentgenograms of a series of preterm infants who developed necrotizing enterocolitis and who required at least four weeks of total parenteral nutritional support (4). These data are recorded in Table I. 

A nutritional deficit often exists in hospitalized patients. There are many conditions and diseases for which nutritional support is recommended by enteral or parenteral routes of administration. Provision of nutrients by vein, in amounts sufficient to maintain or achieve anabolism, is referred to as total parenteral nutrition (TPN). 

Total parenteral nutrition Total parenteral nutrition patients may develop hypomagnesemia (less than 1.5 mEq/L) without supplementation. Magnesium is added to correct or prevent hypomagnesemia. 

Hypomagnesemia For replacement therapy in magnesium deficiency, especially in acute hypomagnesemia accompanied by signs of tetany similar to those observed in hypocalcemia. When added to total parenteral nutrition therapy, to correct or prevent hypomagnesemia that may arise during the course of therapy. 

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