Serum total lipid

A study carried out in the U.S. showed a 56% decrease in serum total lipid radioactivity in rats fed the equivalent of 5 g of fresh garlic bulbs/d for 7 d. Rats fed an experimental diet containing cholesterol were treated either with intraperitoneal injections of C-14 labeled acetate or a diet containing C-14 sucrose. 

V6. Vergani, C., Trovato, G., and Dioguardi, N., Serum total lipids, lipoproteins cholesterol, apolipoproteins A and B in cardiovascular disease. Clin. Chim. Acta 87, 127-133 (1978). 

CLA isomers in serum total lipids had the same distribution pattern as that found in the neutral lipids of most other tissues with twice as much c9,tl 1 as tl0,cl2 (Table 13.3). In rats given different amounts of beef fat without the CLA... 

J. L. Korotzer, and L. M. Bergquist Micro measurement of serum total lipids. Clin, chim. Acta 8, 376 (1963). 

In this study serum total lipids were increased significantly in animals of GrII and Grin 60 min. p.i. (Table 3) which may be partly due to enhanced c-AMP production due to stress and partly to the lipolytic activity of the venom (Ramadan et aL, 1980 and Ali et al. 1989). 

Lipid Screening. The problems of lipid analysis in the newborn is difficult because of the fact that most methods for analysis for lipids require substantial amounts of serum, yet a total lipid determination is very important in various types of disease. This problem can be solved by thin-layer chromatography (59). Figure 38 shows a typical pattern obtained when an extract 7rom 10 microliters of serum is subjected to thin-layer chromatography. If these specimens are scanned, and an internal standard is run, one can obtain a rough approximation of the distribution of the various lipids in the serum. This is shown in Figure 39, in which a normal specimen is run in an adult. 

Valkonen M and Kuusi T. 1997. Spectrophotometric assay for total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant potential in human serum. J Lipid Res 38(4) 823-833. 

Lipid metabolism Raloxifene lowers serum total and LDL cholesterol by 6% to 11 % but does not affect serum concentrations of total HDL cholesterol or triglycerides. Take these effects into account in therapeutic decisions for patients who may require therapy for hyperlipidemia. 

Cholesterol metabolism. Hydrogenated oil, administered orally to hamsters at a dose of 20% of diet for 4 weeks, induced hypercholesterolemia. Oil feeding had no effect on cholesterol synthesis but markedly inhibited cholesterol esterification in both the liver and the intestine. The diet-induced hypercholesterolemia was strongly correlated with an increase in acyl-CoA/cholesterol acyltransferase activity. The hypercholesterolemia increased aortic uptake of cholesterol and hence acyl-CoA/cholesterol acyltransferase activity " Coconut fat, administered orally to rabbits with partial ileal bypass, produced a significant increase of serum total cholesterol and phospholipids concentrations. The effect on semm lipids of the type of fat was similar in control and partial ileal bypass rabbits A Coconut—a main source of energy for two... 

A more complex case is the serum lipoprotein (74), shown in Figure 13. When sonicated into water, total lipids from both the low density (/ ) and high density (a) lipoproteins give rise to the high resolution spectra expected of molecules which have a high degree of motion. The spectra of the native lipoproteins show line widths nearly identical to those of the lipids alone, so that no additional motional constraints of the apolar portions of the phospholipids occur when the lipids are bound to the apoproteins of the blood lipoproteins. All the obvious peaks observed in the native lipoproteins can be accounted for by lipid protons, and no upheld shift of the methylene protons occurs. We can conclude that unlike the case of the lysolecithin-serum albumin system, the bonding of lipids to proteins is not apolar. In the serum lipoproteins the NMR results are consistent with a micellar structure and not with extensive apolar association of lipid with protein. 

Lysophospholipids have been found in butter serum by Cho et al. (1977). They characterized the sn-1 and -2 lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. It is not known if these compounds are products of degradation or remnants of biosynthesis. Cho et al. (1977) searched for, but did not find, another possible product of enzymatic degradation of milk, phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid can be formed by the action of phospholipase D on phosphatidylcholine, for example, but this enzymatic activity was not detected. The compound is also an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of lipids, but the concentration in tissue is always very low. The amount is also low in milk. Cho et al. (1977) found 1.2 and 0.9 (percent of total lipid P) of the lyso compounds above. The quantities of the other phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, 27.3 -choline, 29.1 -serine, 13.4 -inositol, 2.5 and sphingomyelin, 25.6. 

Agarwal V, Gupta B, Singhal U, Bajpai SK. Examination stress Changes in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipids. J Physiol Pharmacol 1997 41 404-408. 

PJ consumption exhibited antioxidative effects also when administered to E° mice.28 The basal oxidative state, measured as lipid peroxides in plasma of control E° mice (that did not consume PJ), increased gradually during aging from 260 nmol/mL of plasma at 6 weeks of age to 309 and 535 nmol/mL of plasma after 9 and 14 weeks of age, respectively. Following PJ consumption, plasma lipid peroxidation was markedly reduced, and this effect was PJ concentration dependent (Figure 8.3B). Similarly, serum total antioxidant status was higher in E° mice that consumed PJ in comparison to control mice, and this effect was again juice concentration dependent.28... 

In a follow-up study, Calvert et al. (1996) examined the association between exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD and serum lipids. In the follow-up the authors chose not to adjust the 2,3,7,8-TCDD serum concentrations for total lipids to avoid the problems of interpretation that would arise when adjusting a covariate by the dependent variable. Consequently, the results obtained in this study cannot be compared directly with those from the Operation Ranch Hand study (see below). The median serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration among the workers was 406.6 femtograms/g serum (fg/g) compared with 36.9 fg/g among the referents. 

Needham et al. (1991) also showed that human adipose tissue concentrations of CDDs may be correlated with blood serum levels after adjusting for total lipid content. On a lipid basis, total CDD/CDFs are higher in blood than adipose tissue. Partitioning is not identical in these tissues 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels are almost identical in blood and adipose tissues, but OCDD levels are higher in blood. However, the presence of OCDD at levels of 5,000-10,000 pg/person when concentrations in food are generally in the low pg/g level suggests that the contribution of food to the OCDD body burden in humans requires further study (Rappe 1993). 

Mensink, R.P., Zock, P.L., Kester, A.D.M., Katan, M.B. 2003. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77, 1146-1155. 

The hamster is susceptible to atherosclerosis. Nistor et al. (1987) fed male hamsters a hyperlipidemic diet consisting of standard chow supplemented with 3 % cholesterol and 15 % commercial butter for 12 months. Serum total cholesterol doubled after 3 weeks and attained a 17-fold value after 10 months. Up to 6 months, smooth muscle cells in the intima and media of the aorta as well as endothelial cells began to load with lipids. After 10 months the affected zones looked like human atherosclerotic plaque with huge cholesterol crystal deposits, calcium deposits and necrosis. 

Total liver lipid was extracted from lyphilized tissue and determined by the method described by Folch et al. (11). Serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were also enzymatically assayed (12). Fecal fat analyses were performed using the Goldfisch method (13). 

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