Retainer

Filtration. In filtration, suspended solid particles in a liquid or gas are removed by passing the mixture through a porous medium that retains the particles and passes the fluid. The solid can be retained on the surface of the filter medium, which is cake, filtration, or captured within the filter medium, which is depth filtration. The filter medium can be arranged in many ways. 

The output from the turbine might be superheated or partially condensed, as is the case in Fig. 6.32. If the exhaust steam is to be used for process heating, ideally it should be close to saturated conditions. If the exhaust steam is significantly superheated, it can be desuperheated by direct injection of boiler feedwater, which vaporizes and cools the steam. However, if saturated steam is fed to a steam main, with significant potential for heat losses from the main, then it is desirable to retain some superheat rather than desuperheat the steam to saturated conditions. If saturated steam is fed to the main, then heat losses will cause excessive condensation in the main, which is not desirable. On the other hand, if the exhaust steam from the turbine is partially condensed, the condensate is separated and the steam used for heating. 

The purpose of chemical processes is not to make chemicals The purpose is to make money. However, the profit must he made as part of a sustainable industrial activity which retains the capacity of ecosystems to support industrial activity and life. This means that process waste must be taken to its practical and economic minimum. Relying on methods of waste treatment is usually not adequate, since waste treatment processes tend not so much to solve the waste problem but simply to move it from one place to another. Sustainable industrial activity also means that energy consumption must be taken to its practical and economic minimum. Chemical processes also must not present significant short-term or long-term hazards, either to the operating personnel or to the community. 

Chemical processes will in the future need to be designed as part of a sustainable industrial development which retains the capacity of ecosystems to support industrial activity and life. This book therefore places a high emphasis on waste minimization and energy efficiency in the context of good economic performance and good health and safety practices. 

Enzymes are classified in terms of the reactions which they catalyse and were formerly named by adding the suffix ase to the substrate or to the process of the reaction. In order to clarify the confusing nomenclature a system has been developed by the International Union of Biochemistry and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (see Enzyme Nomenclature , Elsevier, 1973). The enzymes are classified into divisions based on the type of reaction catalysed and the particular substrate. The suffix ase is retained and recommended trivial names and systematic names for classification are usually given when quoting a particular enzyme. Any one particular enzyme has a specific code number based upon the new classification. 

Austenitic steels retain the ccp structure right down to room temperature. For this reason these steels cannot be hardened by quenching. 

The N retains its share in eight electrons (Ne structure) and each hydrogen atom has a share in two electrons (He structure). Each hydrogen atom is equivalent. 

The brilliant book which provided the impetus for the ecological movement - and has retained its supreme power to this day. 

Density is generally measured at 15°C using a hydrometer in accordance with the NF T 60-101 method it is expressed in kg/1 with an error of 0.0002 to 0.0005 according to which category of hydrometer is utilized. However, in practice only three decimal places are usually retained. 

The criterion retained up to now in the specifications is not the true vapor pressure, but an associated value called the Reid vapor pressure, RVP. The procedure is to measure the relative pressure developed by the vapors from a sample of motor fuel put in a metallic cylinder at a temperature of 37.8°C. The variations characteristic of the standard method are around 15 millibar in repeatability and 25 millibar in reproducibility. 

Carb.) depend on the crude origin and the processing severity. Metals, having been 90 to 95% retained on the catalysts, are found in low quantities in residues. 

Many oil and gas companies do not consider the detailed design and construction of production facilities as part of their core business. This is often the stage at which work is contracted out to engineering firms and the client company will switch manpower resources elsewhere, although some degree of project management is commonly retained. 

While tax and royalty fiscal systems are common, another prevalent form of fiscal system is the Production Sharing Contract, in which the investor (e.g. oil company) enters into an agreement with the host government to explore and potentially appraise and develop an area. The investor is a contractor to the host government, who retains the title of any produced hydrocarbons. 

Case-Based Reasoning. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) systems base their solutions on previously solved problems (cases) which are stored in a case-base [Watson Marir, 1994]. When a new problem is presented to a CBR system a similar case(s) is/are retrieved from the case-base. Depending on the differences between the retrieved and the presented problem the retrieved solution may have to be more or less adapted to obtain a solution to the new problem. The solved problem may be retained in the case base if deemed useful. 

A novel optimization approach based on the Newton-Kantorovich iterative scheme applied to the Riccati equation describing the reflection from the inhomogeneous half-space was proposed recently [7]. The method works well with complicated highly contrasted dielectric profiles and retains stability with respect to the noise in the input data. However, this algorithm like others needs the measurement data to be given in a broad frequency band. In this work, the method is improved to be valid for the input data obtained in an essentially restricted frequency band, i.e. when both low and high frequency data are not available. This... 

For each value of t between 0 and 127, we calculate the value of the DMB measure, the value of t which is associated to the maximum of the measure will be retained, we will note it tl It will be similarly to t between 128 and 255, we will note t2 the second value of threshold that maximises the measure. 

The solution retained by Canny can be implemented in the next manner ... 

N. B. a has the inverse role of a in the first derivative of a Gaussian. Deriche proposes the following recursive implementation of the filter/in two dimensions. Deriche retains the same solution as Canny, that is ... 

This paper describes the development of a novel system for improving the quality of information provided by manual ultrasonic examination of welds, while retaining the flexibility of the human operator to apply the techniques to components of a wide range of geometries and dimensions. The system, known as CamuS (Computer Aided Manual UltraSonics) provides assistance to the manual operator in two separate areas ... 

Calculation of an ultrasonic magnetic system for retaining of a contact magnetic fluid must solve two main problems. 

Firstly, this is the supplying of energy needed for retaining the necessary volume of the liquid. Secondly, this is the choice of magnetic field topography in which the variation of meniscus position is small enough for different liquid quantities. 

The calculation on the base of solution (2) and experimental investigations have allowed to choose some constructions of magnetic systems for retaining of a magnetic fluid on the transducer surface for magnetic and non-magnetic materials. 

Qualitative examples abound. Perfect crystals of sodium carbonate, sulfate, or phosphate may be kept for years without efflorescing, although if scratched, they begin to do so immediately. Too strongly heated or burned lime or plaster of Paris takes up the first traces of water only with difficulty. Reactions of this type tend to be autocat-alytic. The initial rate is slow, due to the absence of the necessary linear interface, but the rate accelerates as more and more product is formed. See Refs. 147-153 for other examples. Ruckenstein [154] has discussed a kinetic model based on nucleation theory. There is certainly evidence that patches of product may be present, as in the oxidation of Mo(lOO) surfaces [155], and that surface defects are important [156]. There may be catalysis thus reaction VII-27 is catalyzed by water vapor [157]. A topotactic reaction is one where the product or products retain the external crystalline shape of the reactant crystal [158]. More often, however, there is a complicated morphology with pitting, cracking, and pore formation, as with calcium carbonate [159]. 

Classic nucleation theory must be modified for nucleation near a critical point. Observed supercooling and superheating far exceeds that predicted by conventional theory and McGraw and Reiss [36] pointed out that if a usually neglected excluded volume term is retained the free energy of the critical nucleus increases considerably. As noted by Derjaguin [37], a similar problem occurs in the theory of cavitation. In binary systems the composition of the nuclei will differ from that of the bulk... 

The traditional, essentially phenomenological modeling of boundary lubrication should retain its value. It seems clear, however, that newer results such as those discussed here will lead to spectacular modification of explanations at the molecular level. Note, incidentally, that the tenor of recent results was anticipated in much earlier work using the blow-off method for estimating the viscosity of thin films [68]. 

Film stability is a primary concern for applications. LB films of photopoly-merizable polymeric amphiphiles can be made to crosslink under UV radiation to greatly enhance their thermal stability while retaining the ordered layered structure [178]. Low-molecular-weight perfluoropolyethers are important industrial lubricants for computer disk heads. These small polymers attached to a polar head form continuous films of uniform thickness on LB deposi-... 

Calculate the rotational contribution to the entropy of adsorption of ammonia on silica at -30°C, assuming (n) that the adsorbed ammonia retains one degree of rotational freedom and (b) that it retains none. In case (n) assume that the nitrogen is bonded to the surface. 

It is generally assumed that isosteric thermodynamic heats obtained for a heterogeneous surface retain their simple relationship to calorimetric heats (Eq. XVII-124), although it may be necessary in a thermodynamic proof of this to assume that the chemical potential of the adsorbate does not show discontinu-... 

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