Steam used for

The output from the turbine might be superheated or partially condensed, as is the case in Fig. 6.32. If the exhaust steam is to be used for process heating, ideally it should be close to saturated conditions. If the exhaust steam is significantly superheated, it can be desuperheated by direct injection of boiler feedwater, which vaporizes and cools the steam. However, if saturated steam is fed to a steam main, with significant potential for heat losses from the main, then it is desirable to retain some superheat rather than desuperheat the steam to saturated conditions. If saturated steam is fed to the main, then heat losses will cause excessive condensation in the main, which is not desirable. On the other hand, if the exhaust steam from the turbine is partially condensed, the condensate is separated and the steam used for heating. 

In the sulfamic acid process, electrical energy is needed for removal of reaction heat, filtration, fluid transportation, etc. Consumption is about 300 kWh/1 of sulfamic acid. Consumption of steam, used for the heat exchanger, crystallizer, and drier, is from 1000 to 1500 kg/1 of sulfamic acid. 

Removal of SiOg by the hot process, to the levels shown, may require the feed of supplemental magnesium oxide. Sludge recirculation is necessary. All raw water constituents will be diluted by the steam used for heating by approximately 15% if the process is hot. 

Noisy, due to steam used for sirurke reductlor. (compromise nscesssiy). 

NOTE The usual standard for maximum silica in steam used for modern turbines is 0.002 mg/kg. To ensure that this limit is not exceeded, the maximum concentrations of silica in BW is as follows ... 

Assume in this case that the saturated steam and condensate are separated after the turbine and only the saturated steam used for process heating. 

Utility functions such as the supply of steam and cooling water generally are set up to service several processes. Boiler feed water is prepared and steam is generated in a single boiler house. Noncontact steam used for surface heating is circulated through a closed loop, whereby various quantities are made available for the specific requirements of the different processes. The condensate is nearly always recycled to the boiler house, where a certain portion is discharged as blowdown. 

The air-steam mixture (approx 7 vols of air for 1 vol of steam) is forced into app by means of an injector. The amt of steam used for 1 Lb of coal gasified lies betw 0.3 and 0.5 lb. The vol of gas produced from bituminous coal is about 60 cu ft semibitumitiious yields 30 and lignite 28 cu ft... 

Heavy Crude Oils. Heavy crude oils are produced in California. Production problems have been related to air pollution from the generation of steam used for flooding and refining the heavy, high sulfur, crude. Additional development may, however, be expected following the decontrol of prices on crudes up to 20° API and the exemption of crudes of 16° API and under from the windfall profits tax. It is expected that output additions will be 65,000 b/d in 1981 and 130,000 b/d by 1983. The goal is to double output from... 

All steam that is injected into the starch slurry has to be condensed in order to achieve the desired retention time under pressure for the reaction. Air released from the starch slurry will affect retention. Steam used for the reaction is superheated. 

Multiple-effect evaporators are most often used in glycerine recovery plants of medium to large size, with the typical plant having a two-effect evaporator. The user must calculate and compare the savings in steam use for operating additional effects against the additional equipment and maintenance costs as well as space and operational complexity for additional effects. 

In simple terms, it can be said that the yield tragedy of industrial furfural reactors is due to the fact that the steam used for heating and stripping is simply not hot enough to bring the reaction medium to boiling. 

Poisoning of acid sites is straightforward. Basic constituents are required to neutralize acidity. This is found in alkali and alkaline earth compounds and in basic organic molecules. Process poisoning by alkaline and alkaline earths is rare. These materials are added as deliberate promoters to remove acidity but are not normally encountered in process streams in the basic form, One exception is Na ions, encountered in steam used for stripping cracking catalysts and other purposes. 

Care should be taken to ensure that steam used for sterilization is of suitable quality and does not contain additives at a level that could cause contamination of the product or equipment... 

Steam used for sterilisation should not contain additives at a level which could cause contamination of product or of equipment. Clean steam generators are recommended. 

Cold Feed Preheat >100 >125 Process use less fuel or steam used for feed preheat... 

The Solar Kitchen, located in Auroville, India, uses a stationary spherical reflector to focus light to a linear receiver, perpendicular to the sphere s interior surface, where steam, used for kitchen process heat, is produced. 

Steam used for desorption should be saturated at low pressure, though dry or slightly superheated steam works as well. High pressure (temperature) steam is not needed. 

The pressure of the steam used for heating sulphur must be rigorously controlled. High and low-pressure alarms should be installed in the feed lines, together with temperature indication. 

Number of heat connection points per unit - the total number of points from where steam used for non-electrical applications is taken. Some units may supply steam with various parameters to several different applications. In such cases more than one connection point may exist at the unit. 

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