Retained Trivial Names of Alcohols and Phenols with Structures

TABLE 1.10 Retained Trivial Names of Alcohols and Phenols with Structures 

Bivalent radicals of the form O—Y—O are named by adding -dioxy to the name of the bivalent radicals except when forming part of a ring system. Examples are —O— CH2—O — (methylenedioxy), —O—CO — O— (carbonyldioxy), and —O — S02 — O— (sulfonyldioxy). Anions derived from alcohols or phenols are named by changing the final -ol to -olate. 

Salts composed of an anion, RO—, and a cation, usually a metal, can be named by citing first the cation and then the RO anion (with its ending changed to -yl oxide), e.g., sodium benzyl oxide for C6H5CH2ONa. However, when the radical has an abbreviated name, such as methoxy, the ending -oxy is changed to -oxide. For example, CH3ONa is named sodium methoxide (not sodium methylate). 

Aldehydes. When the group —C(=0)H, usually written —CHO, is attached to carbon at one (or both) end(s) of a linear acyclic chain the name is formed by adding the suffix -al (or -dial) to the name of the hydrocarbon containing the same number of carbon atoms. Examples are butanal for CH3CH2CH2CHO and propanedial for OHCCH2CHO. 

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