Rapid delivery

Besides Solvent Innovation, a number of other commercial suppliers nowadays offer ionic liquids in larger quantities [7]. Moreover, the distribution of these liquids by Fluka [8], Acros Organics [9], and Wako [10] assures a certain availability of different ionic liquids on a rapid-delivery basis. 

Technically, whale falls represent another exemption caused by the rapid delivery of a large amount of POM to the deep-sea floor that can sustain a prolific benthic community for a significant period of... 

Evidence from the tobacco industry documents, from research studies that measure free-base directly in tobacco smoke particulate, and from examination of smokeless tobacco products, all show that the level of free-base nicotine as delivered to the tobacco user is a critical variable in the acceptance of tobacco products and their continued use. The physiological impact of the rapid delivery of nicotine in the free-base form is a critical determinant of continued nicotine-seeking behavior, with the unintended consequences of exposure to the other toxic components of tobacco smoke and smokeless tobacco. Evaluating total delivered nicotine alone is not sufficient to characterize product differences. To fully understand the influence nicotine has on the allure of these products, both total and free-nicotine levels must be measured. A comprehensive understanding of nicotine delivery is needed to help find effective means for breaking its addictive nature and, ultimately, in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco use. The levels of free-base nicotine must be included as part of any effort to achieve a better understanding of how tobacco products themselves influence their continued use. 

As shown in Fig. 1, the speed of nicotine uptake in venous blood following several forms of nicotine delivery varies widely, from that of the very slow pattern of nicotine appearance in the blood (several hours to peak level) produced by current transdermal nicotine medications to the explosive rise produced by tobacco smoke inhalation. Nicotine gum, lozenge, tablet, and vapor inhaler can provide more rapid delivery of nicotine than the patch, but the speed and amount obtained are constrained by use patterns. Smokeless tobacco products deliver their nicotine more rapidly than nicotine gum and with less physical effort, but are still slower than cigarettes in their nicotine dehvery. 

Formulation Requirements. In order to penetrate the mass of fiber at one end of the bundle, the formulation must have sufficiently low viscosity to move easily through the bundle completely wetting all fiber surface area. Typically, formulations of viscosity less than 8000 poises have been successful. Too low viscosity or too rapid delivery of the formulation can result in the occlusion of air and the ultimate development of voids with loss of mechanical integrity. Our process demands that formulation be delivered and partially cured to an intermediate plateau termed green state. This requires a minimum pot life of 30 minutes after blending of resin and curative. The physical chemistry of the composite membrane requires that the initial exotherm not exceed approximately 150 C. 

Injectable anesthetics act faster and are therefore best suited for induction of anesthesia and for short operative procedures. However recovery from injectable anesthetics is generally slower than with inhalation anesthetics. The high blood flow to the brain leads to rapid delivery of the anesthetics to their site... 

High early strengths at reduced costs (use of lower cement contents, alternative cement) are attained so that forms are stripped earlier and rapid delivery time is ensured. 

Cohen S. Reinforcement and rapid delivery systems understanding adverse consequences of cocaine. NIDA Res Monogr 1985 61 151-7. 

The hypodermic syringe delivers a concentrated dose of a drug quickly and efficiently, by bypassing many of the body s natural defense mechanisms, such as skin, respiratory cilia, and digestive acids. This rapid delivery makes it difficult to control the intensity of the drug s effects and increases the risk of toxic overdoses. 

Explicitly charging higher prices or incremental fees for differentiated capabilities that create substantial value for the customers (e.g., rush orders/rapid delivery dates, less than truck load shipments, short lead times)... 

The first publication describing the synthesis of tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids by metathesis reaction from the corresponding alkali salts [13] opened up the way towards a commercial ionic liquid production. Nowadays, a number of commercial suppliers offer ionic liquids even in large quantities [14]. Moreover, the availability of many ionic liquids on a rapid delivery basis has been established through internationally operating distributors [15]. 

Expandable interlayers provide an alternative way for rapid delivery. Migration, even if promoted by an incompatible interlayer, is sometimes not rapid enough to deliver active substances to the surface therefore, a new adaptive concept has been developed recently [53,54], A material utilizing this mechanism contains a phosphorylated polyol (PPOL) interlayer of relatively low decomposition temperature intercalated between layers of nanoparticle. At the early stage of fire action the gaseous degradation products of the interlayer separate the nanolayers and drive them to the surface in the most rapid way. 

Wilker JJ, Dmochowski IJ, Dawson JH, Winkler JR, Gray HB. Substrates for rapid delivery of electrons and holes to buried active sites in proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Eng 1999 38 90-2. 

Inhalation Inhalation provides the rapid delivery of a drug across the large surface area of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium, producing an effect almost as rapidly as by intravenous injection. This route of administration is used for drugs that are gases (for example, some anesthetics), or those that can be dispersed in an aerosol. The route is particularly effective and convenient for patients with respiratory complaints (for example, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) as drug is delivered directly to the site of action and systemic side effects are minimized (see p. 219). 

Public health staff learned essential lessons that would apply in many instances to other diseases that evacuees put their HIV/AIDS status at the low need of their priorities that a lack of consolidated one-stop shopping for resources caused evacuees additional and unnecessary stress that planning increased in difficulty with the number of unknown factors and that preestablished network relationships with federal agencies led to a rapid delivery of funds and services ( County Officials Learn Lessons, 2006). 

Stmctured lipids possessing n-3 PUFAs, such as EPA and DHA, located at mid position, with MCFAs at the end positions, have gained considerable attention as nutritional and health supplements. These TAGs provide rapid delivery of energy via oxidation of the MCFAs and, at the same time, supply metabolically functional fatty acids in the same molecule. Senanayake and Shahidi (51) used an immobilized in-1,3-specific lipase from Mucor miehei to incorporate capric acid into seal blubber oil containing EPA and DHA. On enzyme-catalyzed acidolysis, a stmctured lipid containing 27.1% capric acid, 2.3% EPA, and 7.6% DHA was achieved. Lipase from Mucor miehei incorporated capric acid predominantly at the in-1,3 positions of the stmctured lipid. 

Most deliveries of feeding fats are made by insulated tank truck, which allows users without raihoad sidings to be serviced, just-in-time deliveries, reduced numbers of local storage tanks, and rapid delivery while the fat remains hot. The industry and its contract haulers take pride in their equipment, and an inedible tallow tank truck looks little different from other milk or liquid ingredients trucks if kept clean. 

The buccal and sublingual routes of administration permit rapid delivery to the systematic circulation. Absorption from the buccal and sublingual vasculature and lymphatics bypasses hepatic circulation and, thereby, reduces first-pass metabolism. The driving force of absorption is the high thermodynamic activity of the compounds. Organic nitrates and testosterone have been administered by these routes to produce rapid plasma concentrations and to minimize hepatic metabolism. 

Third, inhaleables provide for very rapid onset of action similar to the i.v. route and quicker than can be achieved with either oral delivery or subcutaneous injections. More rapid delivery could benefit treatments for pain, seizures, panic/anxiety attacks, hypertensive crises, anaphylaxis (severe allergies, food, insect bites), nausea, cardiovascular conditions (arrhythmia, strokes), and Parkinson s lock-up —indications where speed is important. 

In terms of peptide/protein delivery using electroporation, the most systematic work has been performed with the decapeptide LHRH, and the ability of electroporation to induce its rapid delivery relative to conventional iontophoresis, in particular, has been clearly demonstrated. Specifically, using human skin in vitro, it was shown that a single electro-porative pulse applied for 5 ms, followed by 30 min of iontophoresis at normal current densities, induced significantly higher delivery of LHRH than iontophoresis... 

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