Inhale inhaler

Formulation(s) aerosol inhalation 20 fig/metered inhalation, 40 pg/metered inhalation inhalation sol. 250 pg/... 

Exposure of organisms to pesticides occurs through contact or inhalation. Inhalation exposure can be assessed using some of the active samplers discussed in the previous section, for example air samplers mimicking respiratory systems. Contact exposure can be assessed using samplers that represent collection by horizontal or vertical surfaces, or combinations of these orientations. This article addresses only the first part of this process, i.e., consideration of techniques for sampling sprays in the environment. 

Ehrlich, J.P., Gunnison, A.F., and Burleson, G.R. 1989. Influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in Fischer 344 rat lungs as a method to assess pulmonary immunocompetence Effect of phosgene inhalation. Inhalation Toxicol. 1 129—138. 

Alexander, D.J., E.Mortimer, G.D.Dines, S.E.libretto, and D.N.Mallett. 1995b. One-year study in dogs of the toxicity of HFA-134a by inhalation. Inhal. Toxicol. 7 1153—1162. 

Inhaled Inhaled and absorbed in lungs Almost immediate High... 

If spilled on the skin or in the eyes liquid N2IL, can cause severe local damage or burns and can cause dermatitis. In addition it can penetrate skin to cause systemic effects similar to those produced when the compound is swallowed or inhaled. Inhalation of the vapor causes local irritation of the respiratory tract and eyes. On short exposure systemic effects involve the central nervous system. Resultant symptoms include tremors, on exposure to higher concentrations, convulsions and possibly death follow. Repeated exposures may cause toxic damage to the liver (fatty liver) and kidney (interstitial nephritis), as well as anemia. The threshold limit value of hydrazine is 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3)(Ref 20) (See also Refs 27 c and 33a)... 

The simplest of the aldehydes is formaldehyde, whose molecular formula is HCHO. The second hydrocarbon backbone of the ketone is replaced by a hydrogen atom. Formaldehyde is a gas that is extremely soluble in water it is often sold commercially as a 50 percent solution of the gas in water. The gas itself is flammable, has an ignition temperature of 806°F and a strong, pungent odor, and is toxic by inhalation. Inhalation at low concentrations over long periods of time has produced illness in many people. Beside its use as an embalming fluid, formaldehyde is used in the production of many plastics and in the production of numerous other chemicals. 

Inhalation drug products include inhalation aerosols (metered dose inhalers) inhalation solutions, suspensions, and sprays (administered via nebulizers) inhalation powders (dry powder inhalers) and nasal sprays. The CMC and preclinical considerations for inhalation drug products are unique in that these drug products are intended for respiratory tract-compromised patients. This is reflected in the level of concern given to the nature of the packaging components that may come in contact with the dosage form or the patient. 

Beta-adrenergic drugs can be administered orally, subcutaneously, or by inhalation. Inhalation of these drugs is often the preferred method of administration in treating respiratory disorders. Inhalation allows the drug to be delivered directly to the respiratory tissues with a minimum of systemic side effects because of its absorption into the systemic circulation.4 The onset of action is also more rapid with inhalation. 

This strong mineral is a severe eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant, and is highly toxic if inhaled. Inhalation of vapors may cause severe irritation of the respiratory system, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Its systemic effects are unknown. 

Interferon- gamma (INF-y) Antitumor Human (Phase I trial) Inhalation Inhalation increases alveolar concentration of INF-y without major side effects [99]... 

Inhalation Inhalation provides the rapid delivery of a drug across the large surface area of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium, producing an effect almost as rapidly as by intravenous injection. This route of administration is used for drugs that are gases (for example, some anesthetics), or those that can be dispersed in an aerosol. The route is particularly effective and convenient for patients with respiratory complaints (for example, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) as drug is delivered directly to the site of action and systemic side effects are minimized (see p. 219). 

No quantitative studies were available on the distribution of ammonia after inhalation. Inhaled ammonia is mostly absorbed in the upper respiratory tract ... 

Goat Goat Inhalation Inhalation 300 400 15 min 10 min 1 of 4 died 3 of 4 died Barcroft 1931 Barcroft 1931... 

Monkey Monkey Inhalation Inhalation 100-156 60 8-19min 30 min Incapacitation Slight central nervous system effects Purser et al. 1984 Purser et al. 1984... 

CS and CN are disseminated as an aerosol powder or solution. Therefore, the most common route of CN or CS absorption is by inhalation. Inhalation of RCAs causes burning and irritation of the airways leading to cough, chest tightness, dyspnea (Beswick, 1983, Hu et al, 1989 Blain, 2003), shortness of breath (Euripidou, 2004), bronchospasm (Hu and Christiani, 1992), and bronchorrhea (Folb and Talmud, 1989). Estimates of the minimal irritant exposure and ICtso are 0.004 and 5 mg min/m, respectively, for CS (Olajos and Salem, 2001). Similar estimates have been made for CN (0.3-1 and 20-50 mg min/m Olajos and Salem, 2001). Other estimates report that 31 mg/m CN vapor is intolerable to humans after 3 min (Punte et al., 1962). 

Inhalant abuse is also termed volatile solvent abuse. It should be noted that many drugs besides those classified as inhalants can be administered by inhalation, including marijuana, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, fentanyl patches, and nicotine. These drugs are not volatile solvents and have different physical and chemical properties therefore, they are not classified as inhalants. Inhalants are chemicals that are volatile, meaning they can readily vaporize from... 

Oseltamivir is administered as an oral capsule and zanamivir by inhalation. Inhaled zanamivir has fewer adverse effects than oral oseltamivir, but there are concerns about its use in young and elderly patients, who are generally unable to achieve the inspiratory flow rate needed to ensure adequate lung deposition (2). Oral oseltamivir is more convenient and easier to administer, but needs to be given with food to lower the frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects. 

Inhalation Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized by nausea, headache, dizziness, unconsciousness, and coma. Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause liver and kidney damage. Aspiration may lead to pulmonary edema. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Can produce delayed pulmonary edema. Exposure to high concentrations may produce narcosis, nausea, and loss of consciousness. May cause burning sensation in the chest. 

The primary exposure pathway for beryllium is inhalation. Inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact are possible exposure pathways in workplace settings. 

Inhalation Inhalation of soil vapors that migrate to indoor air Inhalation of soil particles transferred to indoor air... 

Inhalants Inhalants are volatile hydrocarbons and aerosols used to dispense chemicals that create a euphoric effect when inhaled. Euphoria can last a few minutes or several hours. Repeated used can lead to loss of consciousness and heart failure. There are no specific antidotes therefore, side effects are treated symptomatically. Long-term use damages the liver, kidney, central nervous system, brain, and bone marrow and induces hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy (numbness, tingling). Commonly used inhalants are ... 

It should be noted that organic solvents are deliberately inhaled (a practice known as huffing) by some for their intoxicating effects. The toxic symptoms that follow huffing are substantially identical to those observed following accidental inhalation. Inhalation toxicity is addressed in several parts of this book and is not covered here. 

Nicotine Nicotrol inhaler Inhalation system Parke-Davis 10 mg/Cartridge (4 mg delivered) 6-16 Cartridges Prescription... 

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