Injectable anesthetic

Lidocaine (112), xyloceiine, and dibucaine (113) have been formulated in homo- and copolymers of lactide and glycolide. The goal of these studies has been relatively short-term (24-hr) controlled release of the anesthetic. Injectable microcapsules of lidocaine hydrochloride were produced by an air suspension coating technique and administered i.m. to rabbits (112). Serum levels of Udocaine indicated an initial rise over the first 2 hr and then a gradual decline with clearance after about 8-10 hr. 

Changes in adrenergic function are complex. Inhibition of neuronal catecholamine reuptake gives rise to superimposed indirect sympathomimetic stimulation. Patients are supersensitive to catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine in local anesthetic injections must be avoided). On the other hand, blockade of ai-receptors may lead to orthostatic hypotension. 

Anesthetic, injectable, 15 Angesterone acetate, 165 Anidoxime, 125 Antagoni sts,... 

Therapists may also be working with patients who are receiving local anesthetic injections for the treatment of CRPS/RSDS. Since these patients often receive a series of anesthetic injections, therapists may want to schedule the rehabilitation session immediate-... 

Figure 19-7 Use of a Jaeger eyeUd plate protects the globe from accidental perforation in performing anesthetic injections into the eyelid.

Ocular explosion occurred in seven cases after periocular anesthetic injections (295). To minimize the incidence of ocular explosion, the authors recommended the foUowing ... 

Bullock JD, Warwar RE, Green WR, Cox MS. Ocular explosions from periocular anesthetic injections a clinical, histopathologic, experimental, and biophysical study. Ophthalmology 1999 106(12) 2341-53. 

Local anesthetic Injectable dose dependent on procedure maximum dose 4.5 mg/kg. Do not repeat within 2 hours... 

Spinal anesthesia is a local anesthetic injected into the spinal column to produce a regional neural block. The injection is in the third or fourth lumbar space. Headaches and hypotension are common side effects of spinal anesthesia because of changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure caused by the injection. Side effects are reduced by reaming in the supine position and increasing fluids. 

Spinal anesthesia is a local anesthetic injected into the spinal column to produce a regional neural block. 

The GI absorption of drugs can be influenced by agents with a large surface area upon which the drug can be absorbed, bound or chelated or it can be influenced by agents that alter GI motility and thereby alter the rate or extent of absorption. Drugs that lower local blood flow can slow down the absorption the addition of adrenaline to local anesthetic injections results in local vasoconstriction and slower absorption of the anesthetic, thus prolonging its local effect at the injection site. 

Disadvantage Local anesthetic injection itself is associated with pain and burning sensation... 

Subgingival placement of antibiotic fibers or strips Initial placement of orthodontic bands but not brackets Intraligamentary local anesthetic injections Prophylactic cleaning of teeth or implants where bleeding is anticipated... 

Nerve Block Regional anesthetic injected directly into a nerve (intraneural) or adjacent to the nerve (paraneural). 

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