Tank Insulation

Shipping. Bulk milk is hauled to the processing plant in insulated tanks using tmck tanks or trader tankers. The milk is transferred from the bulk tank to the tanker with a positive or centrifugal-type pump. For routes of some distance, pick-up every other day reduces handling costs. 

The low melting point of caprolactam and its stabiUty and low viscosity form the basis for commercial transportation practice caprolactam is handled as a Hquid in insulated tank cats or tmcks. 

Extract is stored in insulated tanks prior to drying. Because high soluble soHds concentration is deskable to reduce aroma loss and evaporative load in the driers, most processors concentrate the 15—30% extract to 35—55% prior to drying (33). This may be accompHshed by vacuum evaporation or freeze concentration. Clarification of the extract, normally by centrifiigation, may be used to assure the absence of insoluble fine particles. 

Container Insulation Tanks containing materials above atmospheric temperature may require insulation to reduce loss of heat. Almost any of the commonly used insulating materials can be employed. Calcium silicate, glass fiber, mineral wool, cellular glass, and plastic foams are among those used. Tanks exposed to weather must have jackets or protective coatings, usually asphalt, to keep water out of the insulation. 

All storage tanks should be scheduled for inspection every few years. And on insulated tanks the insulation should finish 200 mm above the base so that checks can be made for corrosion. 

In 1909 one company began selling solar water heaters with separate collectors and insulated storage tanks. The collectors were made of copper tubing soldered to a copper plate in a glass covered box. The hot water was transferred to the storage tank by thermosyphon action, so the insulated tank had to be installed above the collector, typically in the attic or on the roof It was often connected to an auxiliary heater on the stove or furnace to supplement solar... 

Dairy farms have bulk-storage tanks with their own refrigeration plants. These are usually made in the form of a double-skin, insulated tank, having the evaporator coils in the jacket, which also contains water. The refrigeration system runs throughout the 24 hours and... 

Most formulations reach, during manufacture or on storage, the ideal temperature for the growth of contaminants. If warm during production and then stored in insulated tanks they may remain above ambient temperature for some time. 

Storage of liquid hydrogen is achieved in large well-insulated tanks from which it is dispensed to liquid tankers for transport over the road. The use of hydrogen sensors (mostly flammable sensors) in and around such facilities is a common safety practice today. As hydrogen-specific sensors and solid-state sensors become more reliable, and if their cost is reduced they will replace the more common flammable gas sensors. 

LNG was stored on site in a large insulated tank (see Fig. 4). Prior to a test the tank was either self-pressurized or pressurized with nitrogen gas, and some liquid is forced into 53 m of 25-cm-diameter pipe before the control valve. A small by-pass line around the control valve permitted LNG to enter the final 41 m of transfer piping in order to lower its temperature. Following the cool-down, the control valve was opened to allow liquid to flow and spill onto the surface of a small pond. The horizontal... 

Even at ambient temperatures, styrene is likely to react with itself— very slowly, but steadily. For this reason, a small amount of polymerization inhibitor, about 10 ppm (parts per million) of para-tertiarybutyl catechol, a chemical whose name nobody wants to remember except its salesman, is added to styrene kept in storage. Since polymerization is promoted by higher temperatures styrene is usually stored in insulated tanks. 

As stated earlier, shop-fabricated ASTs are often categorized according to the standards to which the tanks are fabricated, e.g., a UL 142 or UL 2085 tank. That said, however, there are defined categories such as diked tanks, protected tanks, fire-resistant tanks, and insulated tanks. It s critical, then, for the tank buyer or specifier to know precisely what is required or desired given the application, code requirements, and/or owner/operator preferences—and to discuss this with the tank contractor and/or manufacturer. 

An insulated tank can be a protected tank, built to third-party standards UL 2085 and/or SwRl 93-01, or a fire-resistant tank built to UL 2080 or SwRI 97-04. Protected tanks were developed in line with NFPA requirements and terminology, while fire-resistant ASTs were developed in line with Uniform Fire Code (now International Fire Code) requirements and terminology. Both protected tanks and fire-resistant tanks must pass a 1093°C (2000°F), 2-h fire test. 

The insulation properties of many fire-rated ASTs marketed today are typically provided by concrete i.e., tlie primary steel tank is surrounded by concrete. Due to the weight of concrete, this design is normally limited to small tanks. Another popular AST technology meeting all applicable code requirements for insulated tanks and fabricated to UL 2085 is a tank that utilizes a lightweight monolithic thermal insulation in between two walls of steel to minimize heat transfer from the outer tank to the inner tank and to make tank handling more palatable. 

Vertical vacuum-insulated tank (small capacity, pressurised)... 

Pressure building vaporiser (only for vacuum insulated tanks)... 

LNG (liquefied natural gas)-natural gas that has been liquefied at extremely low temperature. It is stored or transported in insulated tanks capable of sustaining the high pressure developed by the product at normal ambient temperatures. 

Maleic anhydride decomposes exothermically, evolving carbon dioxide, in the presence of alkali- or alkaline earth-metal or ammonium ions, dimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine or quinoline, at temperatures above 150°C [1], Sodium ions and pyridine are particularly effective, even at concentrations below 0.1%, and decomposition is rapid [2], An industrial incident involved gas-rupture of a large insulated tank of semi-solid maleic anhydride which had been contaminated with sodium hydroxide. Use of additives to reduce the sensitivity of the anhydride has been described [3], Accidental transfer of an aqueous solution of sodium 2-benzothiazolethiolate into a bulk storage tank of the anhydride led to eventual explosive destruction of the tank [4],... 

Cryogenic level measurement in vacuum-insulated tank. 

In California, temperatures of the secondary fermentation range from 10° to over 25° C in different wineries. Cool, slow fermentations are preferred by some, and warm, quick fermentations by other wineries. Bottle-fermented processors commonly chill the cuvee to 10°-15° C before bottling. One cellar is temperature controlled to 10°-13°C and another at 18° C. Other cellars are naturally cool summer and winter. Unfortunately, a few cellars are not temperature-controlled or well-insulated, and the temperaures can vary from 10° C in winter to as high as 22° C in summer. Bulk wine processors may or may not chill the cuvee before fermenting in insulated tanks. Most do not chill during fermentation and report temperaure increases of 3°-8° C (theoretical is about 3° C). 

The testing used similar procedures to those described for the laboratory test program. The fuels were blended in tank trucks at the ECLP pilot plant at Baytown, Texas and driven to Charleston, South Carolina. The fuels were loaded hot and remained at an elevated temperature in insulated tank trucks. Fuel temperature for the combustion of the EDS fuels was approximately 43°C. The preheating system was bypassed with the EDS fuels to prevent sediment formation due to incompatibility in the fuel... 

A well-insulated tank of 70-tin3 volume initially contains 23,000 kg of water distributed between liquid and vapor phases at 25°C. Saturated steam at 1,100 kPa is admitted to the tank until the pressure... 

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