Injections, intravenous

CaH,3N02. White flaky or crystalline powder, m.p. 126-128°C. Used in (he treatment of barbiturate poisoning, by intravenous injection. 

The principal arninoglycoside toxicides are neuromuscular paralysis, ototoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Neuromuscular paralysis is a relatively rare complication resulting from high aminoglycoside concentrations at the neuromuscular junctions following, for example, rapid bolus intravenous injection or peritoneal instillation, rather than the normal intravenous infusion. The mechanism apparentiy involves an inhibition of both the presynaptic release of acetylcholine and the acetylcholine postsynaptic receptors (51). 

Metabolism. Absorption, distribution, metaboHsm, and excretion of thioglycolic acid have been reviewed (20). In summary,. -thioglycolic acid was absorbed significantly after appHcation to the skin of rabbits. After intravenous injection, the greatest counts of radioactivity were found in the kidneys, lungs, and spleen of monkey and in the small intestine and kidneys of rat. Most of the radioactivity was rapidly excreted in the urine in the form of inorganic sulfate and neutral sulfur. 

This LD q was derived from an intravenous injection and not an intraperitoneal injection. 

FIGURE 5.40 Schematic representation of the concentration of a chemical in the plasma as a function of time after an intravenous injection if the body acts as a one-compartment system and elimination of the chemical obeys first-order kinetics with a rate constant... 

According to Georgadze the three sophora alkaloids sophocarpine (a), sophocarpidine (h) and sophoridine (c) only differ in degree and not in character of their pharmacological activity thus on intravenous injection each causes a rise and then a fall i i blood pressure and their activity in this direction is in decreasing order (a), (c), (b). In small doses they stimulate, and in larger doses depress, the isolated heart of either cold- or warm-blooded animals and then their decreasing order of activity is (c), (b), (a). 

Pharmacological Action. As already pointed out, cularine shows some resemblance to papaverine and hydrastine in action (p. 196). The M.L.D. (mgm./kilo.) for mice by intravenous injection of ochotensine is 10-6 i 0-54 so that it seems to be the most toxic of the fifteen corydalis alkaloids examined by Anderson and Chen, who also state that it stimulates isolated guinea-pig or rabbit uterus, inhibits isolated rabbit-intestine and induces a fall in blood pressure on intravenous injection in etherised cats. 

According to Biberfeld, palmatine, calumbamine and jatrorrhizine all paralyse the central nervous system in frogs palmatine also produces this effect in mammals and differs from the other two in stopping respiration, probably by paralysis of the respiratory centre. All three alkaloids lower the blood pressure on intravenous injection, palmatine being the most active. 

Eremosparton aphyllum. The roots are rich in alkaloids, which have not been characterised. The root extract slows respiration, lowers blood pressure and raises the pulse rate on intravenous injections in dogs. (Lyubushin, Farmakol i Toksikol., 1946, 9, No. 2, 30 (Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41, 3220).)... 

Preliminary biological tests showed the compatibility of Im Hb with blood and the theoretical possibility of intravenous injection and functioning in the organism. The use of microparticles of Im Hb with a covalently bonded marker permitted the determination of the time of microparticle circulation in the blood channel of rats. After 7 h. of observation, up to 30% of the introduced amount of Im Hb was retained in the blood of the animals. 

After rapid intravenous injection of an opioid, the user experiences warm skin flushing and a rush that lasts about 45 seconds. In one retrospective study... 

Sivyer G, Dorrington L Intravenous injection of mushrooms (letter). Med J Aust 140 182, 1984... 

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