Benthic communities

Clements, W.H., D.S. Cherry, and J.H.V. Hassel. 1992. Assessment of the impact of heavy metals on benthic communities at the Clinch River (Virginia) evaluation of an index of community sensitivity. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49 1686-1694. 

In the Fal estuary, England, long-term metal pollution over the past 120 years has resulted in zinc sediment levels between 679 and 1780 mg/kg DW, producing benthic communities that favor zinc-tolerant organisms, such as oysters and nereid polychaetes, and a general impoverishment of mussels, cockles, other polychaetes, and gastropods (Bryan et al. 1987). 

Tagatz, M.E., N.R. Gregory, and G.R. Plaia. 1982. Effects of chlorpyrifos on held- and laboratory-developed estuarine benthic communities. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 10 41 I -421. 

Tagatz, M.E. and J.M. Ivey. 1981. Effects of fenvalerate on field- and laboratory-developed estuarine benthic communities. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27 256-267. 

Wikstrom et al. 2006). We need similar studies to assess the impact of chemically defended macroalgae on the structure and dynamics of tropical marine benthic communities. 

Duffy JE (2002) Biodiversity and ecosystem function the consumer connection. Oikos 99 201-219 Duffy JE, Hay ME (2000) Strong impacts of grazing amphipods on the organization of a benthic community. Ecol Monogr 70 237-263... 

Sousa WP (2001) Natural disturbance and the dynamics of marine benthic communities. In Bertness MD, Gaines SD, Hay (eds) Marine community ecology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, pp 85-130... 

Technically, whale falls represent another exemption caused by the rapid delivery of a large amount of POM to the deep-sea floor that can sustain a prolific benthic community for a significant period of... 

Brown LE, Hannah DM, Milner AM (2005) Spatial and temporal water column and streambed temperature dynamics within an alpine catchment implications for benthic communities. Hydrological Processes 19 1585... 

Day, C. Dutka, B.J. Kwan, K.K. Batista, N. Reynoldson, T.B. Metcalfe-Smith, J.L. Correlations between sohd-phase microbial screening assays, whole-sediment toxicity tests with macroinvertebrates and in situ benthic community structure. J. Great Lakes Res. 1995, 21, 192-206. 

Hart DR, McKee PM, Burt AJ, et al. 1986. Benthic community and sediment quality assessment of Port Hope Harbor, Lake Ontario (Canada). J Great Lakes Res 12 206-220. 

Van Dalfsen, J.A. and Essinlc, K.(2001). Benthic community response to sand dredging and shoreface nourishment in Dutch coastal waters. Senckenbergiana Maritima 31 (2001), 329-332. 

The influence of physical habitat, pyrethroids, and metals on benthic community condition in an urban and residential stream in California. Hum Ecol Risk Assess, 15, 526-553. 

The marine amphipod Ampelisca abdita is a suspension and deposit feeder and it often occurs as a numerically dominant member of benthic communities (Fay et al., 2000). It can also serve as an important food source for bottom-feeding fish. 4-nonylphenol is a degradation product from detergents (see Fig. 2.16). Its relevant physical-chemical properties are given in Appendix C. 

Both of the models presented here are based on the flow of nitrogen through ecosystems in one case a nearshore kelp-bed system and in the other a general offshore plankton community. The klep bed model was developed to explore the hypothesis that nitrogen flow is affected by horizontal water transport in shallow water marine systems here wave action or mixing associated with horizontal transport are likely to retain nitrogen in the photic zone and the benthic community is of fixed location so that boundaries of the system can be easily defined. In pelagic systems, on the other hand, the community tends to move horizontally with water in the mixed layer, and vertical transport into and out of the mixed layer is an important feature of the system dynamics. 

Newell, R.C. and Field, 3.G., 1983 a. The contribution of bacteria and detritus to carbon and nitrogen flow in a benthic community. Mar. Biol. Lett., 4 23-36. 

Wulff, F.V. and Field, 3.G., 1983. Importance of different trophic pathways in a nearshore benthic community under upwelling and downwelling conditions. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 12 217-228. 

Direct calorimetry (heat production) represents a reliable method for the estimation of total benthic community metabolism, because it is a direct measurement of the energy flow through the system. Although the heat release from the activity of extracellular enzymes and from chemical oxidations are also included, the latter two components are thought to be of minor importance for total heat loss from sediments (Pamatmat, 1982). 

Schwinghamer, P., 1981. Characteristic size distributions of integral benthic communities. Can. 3. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 38 1255-1263. 

Sinsabaugh, R. L. 1997. Large-scale trends of respiration for stream benthic communities. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16 119—122. 

Grebmeier J.M. DiTullio G.R. Barray J.P. and Cooper L.W. (2003). Benthic carbon cycling in the Ross Sea polynya, Antarctica Benthic community metabolism and sediment tracers. Antarctic Research Series, 78, 301-326. 

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