Proteins and peptides delivery

Wearly LL (1991) Recent progress in protein and peptide delivery by non-invasive routes. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier 8 331-394. 

Several portable inhalation devices have been developed and are being tested to determine whether they improve protein and peptide delivery via the airways. Aerosolized DNase has been shown in patients with cystic flbrosis to significantly reduce the buildup of mucus in the lung and the incidence of infections. Devices for delivery of therapeutic proteins to deep-lung alveoli to achieve systemic effects are also in development. These products are formulated so that the device aerosolizes the protein in a defined particle size range that cannot be easily achieved by means of conventional metered dose inhalers. 

Polymeric Systems for Oral Protein and Peptide Delivery.283... 

Pulmonary administration of PNAs has great potential for the same reasons that pulmonary protein and peptide delivery have been successful. Predominantly, the distance for transport and ease of administration of agents are the advantages of pulmonary delivery, but the formulation of labile molecules for eventual pulmonary administration as lipid-based aerosols may be problematic. 

The hydrophobic polymers are described in the following sections beginning with the most frequently described hydrophobic polymers used for oral protein and peptide delivery. Some of these polymers have been used for oral peptide and protein delivery, while others have not. Those polymers that have not been used to date for protein or peptide delivery have the potential for future use in devices for oral peptide and protein delivery and should not be overlooked. Each has been used in vitro or in animal studies that suggest that the polymer could be used for oral protein or peptide delivery. 

Poly(esters) (Table 11.2) are the first class of polymers discussed, as they are the most widely investigated of all of the polymer families for oral protein delivery. Poly(esters) used for oral drug delivery have primarily been biodegradable polymers (Figure 11.1). Biodegradation is the primary delivery mechanism for poly(ester) polymers used for protein and peptide delivery. The degradation properties of poly(esters) are dependent on the monomers used to produce the poly(ester). Several poly(esters) are discussed in detail in the following sections. 

H. Ghandehari, P. Kopecekova, P. Y. Yeh, H. Ellens, P. L. Smith, and J. Kopecek, Oral colon-specific protein and peptide delivery Polymer system and permeability characteristics, Proceed. Intern. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater. 23 59-60... 

Bromberg, L. E., and Ren, E. S. (1998),Thepertaure-responsive gels and thermo gelling polymer matrices for protein and peptide delivery, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 31,197-221. 

Peptides and Proteins Non-invasive Delivery Table 1 Options for non-invasive protein and peptide delivery 2693... 

The availability of technologies that overcome the general barriers to non-invasive protein and peptide delivery and address the pharmacological needs associated with a particular therapy will not necessarily guarantee commercial viability. There are additional economic, regulatory, and patient-specific factors that can all influence the practicality of further developing an experimental non-invasive delivery system into a marketed pharmaceutical product. 

Considerations of commercial viability have likely influenced the extent of exploratory research activity on the various non-invasive delivery options available for protein and peptide delivery. Currently, the buccal/ sublingual, nasal, transdermal, pulmonary, and oral routes of administration are receiving the most attention in the scientific and patent literature with some technologies showing promise as potentially feasible commercial products. The following sections examine each of these non-invasive delivery routes in greater detail. 

Bromberg LE, Ron ES. Temperature-responsive gels and thermogelling polymer matrices for protein and peptide delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 1998 31(3) 197-221. 

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