Rapeseed Oil. Low Erucic

Rapeseed oil—low erucic acid (low erucic acid turnip rape oil low erucic acid colza oil, canola oil)... 

Fatty acid Palm stearin Rapeseed oil Rapeseed oil (low erucic acid) Safflowerseed oil Safflowerseed oil (high oleic acid) Sesameseed oil Soyabean oil Sunflowerseed oil Sunflowerseed oil (high oleic acid)... 

Rapeseed oil Low-erucic rapeseed oil is now the third largest source of oil after soybean and palm. The seed contains over 40% of oil and this represents about 80% of the seed s commercial value. Seed breeders have developed seeds which produce oil low in erucic acid (<2%) and meal low in the undesirable sulfur-containing glucosinolates (i.e. double low varieties). This low-erucic oil (LEAR)... 

Among vegetable oils, regular sunflower oil is characterized by a medium sterol content. According to the Codex Alimentarius (Codex-Stan 210-1999), the oils with the highest sterol content are rapeseed oil (low erucic acid), with 4800-11,300-ppm sterols com oil with 8000-22,100 ppm, and sesame oil with 4500-19,000 ppm. 

Various countries or companies have specifications for rapeseed crude oils (Thomas, 1982). That of Canada CAN-32-300M-76 for "rapeseed oil, low erucic acid, crude and crude, degummed" is given in Chapter 3. 

Anonymous (1976). "National Standard of Canada. Rapeseed Oil, Low Erucic Acid, Crude and Crude, Degummed." Canadian Government Specifications Board CAN2-32-300M-76, Ottawa, Ontario. 

Mustard is grown both as a summer and winter crop. The oil content of the seed varies (24—40%). The yield is approximately 1000 kg/hectare of seed. The oil, in some cases unrefined, is used for edible purposes in a number of countries. There is increasing interest in the crop as a source of erucic acid for the chemical industry (Knowles et aL, 1981). At the present time there is no edible oil market for mustard oils in the USA. Rapeseed oil (low erucic acid) has recently been permitted as an edible oil. 

TocoP Relative retention times Palm kernel oil Coconut oil Cottonseed oil Soybean oil Maize oil Groundnut oil Palm oil Sunflowerseed oil High erucic acid rapeseed oil Low erucic acid rapeseed oil... 

MastnU kysellna Rapeseed oil (traditional) Rapeseed oil (low-erucic acid) Mustardseed oil Crambe oil Soybeen oil Wheat germ oil Linseed oil... 

Traditional rapeseed oil (turnip rape oil, colza oil, ravison oil, sarson oil or toria oil) is produced from seeds of Brassica napus, Brassica campestris, Brassica juncea and Brassica tournefortii. Low erucic acid rapeseed oil (low erucic acid turnip rape oil low erucic acid colza oil canola oil) is produced from low erucic acid Brassica napus, Brassica campestris and Brassica juncea seeds. 

SYNS COLZA OIL FULLY HYDROGENATED R- PESEED OIL LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL... 

By-product from the manufacture of rapeseed oil, obtained by solvent extraction of rapeseeds from low-erucic, low-glucosinolate ( 00 ) varieties (n = 2820). 

CAS 8002-13-9 120962-03-0 EINECS/ELINCS 232-299-0 Synonyms Brassica campestris oil Brassica oleifera Canola oil (low erucic acid rapeseed oil) Colza oil HEAR High-erucic acid rapeseed oil LEAR Low-erucic acid rapeseed oil Rapeseed oil Rapeseed oil, blown... 

As was pointed out earlier in this chapter, canola oil is a natural salad oil and normally does not require winterizing. However, when there is a requirement for a liquid oil of improved stability, Teasdale (1966) has shown that canola oil offers a better source than either HEAR oil or soybean oil. Low erucic acid rapeseed oil, hydrogenated to 0.8% linolenic acid, was winterized to give a yield of 94-95% of salad oil having a cold test of 12 hr. HEAR oil, also hydrogenated to the 0.8% linolenic level, gave a yield of 75% having a cold test of 6 hr. 

In 1970 new varieties of rapeseed oil low in erucic acid (LEAR oil) were used in comparative studies in rats fed oils containing long chain fatty acids. In these studies there was no lipid accumulation in the hearts of rats fed the LEAR oil (Beare-Rogers et ai, 1971). The results of these studies led officials of the Canadian Food and Drug Directorate to the conclusions that "it is considered prudent as a sound public health measure to replace erucic acid containing rapeseed oil with LEAR oil as soon as practical" (Campbell, 1970). 

Canola oil (low erucic acid rapeseed oil). See Rapeseed (Brassica campestris) oil Canola oil, methyl ester. See Methyl canolate Canola Spray Oil 81-599-C/, Canola Vegetable Frying Shortening 81-573-0, Canola Vegetable Shortening 81-577-0. See Canola oil Cantha Canthaxanthin 10% RVI. See Canthaxanthine... 

Synonyms Brassica campestris oil Brassica oleifera Canola oil (low erucic acid rapeseed oil) Colza oil HEAR... 

Canola oil (low erucic acid lapeseed oil). See Rapeseed (Brassica campestris) oil... 

Hojerova, J., Schmidt, S, Krempasky, J. 1992. Structure of margarines made with low erucic acid rapeseed oil. Food Struct. 11, 147-154. 

Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil, 8 Low Linolenic Acid Flaxseed Oil (Unhydrogenated), 58 Low Linolenic Acid Linseed Oil, 58 Lysozyme, 18... 

Seedfats are characterized by low contents of saturated fatty acids. They contain palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Sometimes unusual fatty acids may be present, such as erucic acid in rapeseed oil. Recent developments in plant breeding have made it possible to change the fatty acid composition of seed oils dramatically. Rapeseed oil in which the erucic acid has been replaced by oleic acid is known as canola oil. Low linolenic acid soybean oil can be obtained, as... 

Source Data from B.M. Craig et at, Influence of Genetics, Environment, and Admixtures on Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed in Canada, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., Vol. 50, pp. 395-399, 1973 and M. Vaisey-Genser and N.A.M. Eskin, Canola Oil Properties and Performance, 1987, Canola Council. 

Crambe Crambe abyssinica, C. hispanicd). Present interest in this oil, particularly in North Dakota and in Holland, depends on the fact that it is a potential source of erucic acid (50-55%) that finds several industrial uses. This was once the major acid in rapeseed oU, but modem varieties of this seed produce a low-emcic oil (such as canola) suitable for food use. High-emcic rapeseed oil is stUl grown for industrial purposes, and attempts are being made to increase the level of this C22 acid from around 50% to over 65% and even to 90% by genetic engineering (22-23, 44, 99-102). 

Canola Oil Canola oil is obtained from low erucic acid, low glucosinolate rapeseed. The unique polyunsaturated fatty acid and low saturated composition of canola oil differentiates it from other oils. It has a higher oleic acid (18 1) content (55%) and lower linoleic acid (18 2) content (26%) than most other vegetable oils, but it contains 8-12% of linolenic acid (18 3) (58). Canola oil is most widely used in Canada and is considered a nutritionally balanced oil because of its favorable ratio of near 2 1 for linoleic to linolenic acid content. Unlike most other edible oils, the major breakdown products of canola oil are the cis, trans- and tram, trans-2,4-heptadienals with an odor character generally described as oily, fatty, and putty. Stored canola oil shows a sharp increase in the content of its degradation products, which are well above their odor detection thresholds. The aroma is dominated by cis, tram-, tram, frani-2,4-heptadienals, hexanal, nonanal, and the cis, trans- and... 

Sosulski et al. (22) examined the polar lipids (PL), phospholipids, and glycolipids in several rapeseed cultivars, including a low erucic acid winter cultivar grown in Poland and found that phospholipids accounted for the major portion (3.6%) of total polar lipids, whereas glycolipids contributed only 0.9%. A more recent study by Przybylski and Eskin (23) reported changes in phospholipids during canola oil processing, as shown in Table 4. 

Abbreviations HEAR—High erucic rapeseed oil CAN—Canola oil LLCAN—Low linolenic canola oil HOCAN—High oleic canola oil HOLLCAN—High oleic low linolenic canola oil SOY—Soybean oil SUN—Sunflower oil. 

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