Codex alimentarius

The Codex Alimentarius Commission was established by the UN in 1961/1963 and is open to all member nations and associate members of FAO and WHO. In 1998, membership comprised 163 countries reepresenting 97% of world population. One of the principle purposes of the commission is the preparation of food standards and their publication is the Codex Alimentarius [5], 

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H. Cheftel, Tin in Food,]o m. EAO/WHO Eood Standards Program, 4th Meeting of the Codex Committee on Pood Additives, PEPT, 1967, oint PAO/WHO Pood Standards Branch (Codex Alimentarius), EAO, Rome. 

The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) jointiy sponsor the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which conducts a program for developing worldwide food standards. The Codex Committee for Cocoa Products and Chocolate has developed standards for chocolate (Codex Standard 87-1981), and cocoa powders and dry cocoa—sugar mixtures (Codex Standard 105-1981). As a member of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the United States is obligated to consider all Codex standards for acceptance. 

The same resin was used for the purification via downstream processing of carminic acid, the natural colorant extracted from cochineal. By a direct adsorption method, a crude extract was applied on the polymeric bed gel and the adsorption kinetics studied using elution with hydrochloric acid and ethanol. The desorbed pure carminic acid concentrated under vacuum yielded a final product that complied with Codex Alimentarius requirements and FAO/OMS norms. 

Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards (2010). Draft revised standard for honey. 

Guidelines for the methods of sample collection of crop samples are detailed in the Codex Alimentarius, but generally in most instances crop samples should be representative of the crop being grown. As a general rule, the quantity of sample required is a minimum of 12 units or >1 kg of field sample, e.g., potato mbers, cabbages, etc. Samples selected should not be damaged or suffer from severe defects, disease symptoms, or other abnormalities. 

Codex Guideline EMRL(1)-1997, List of Codex Extraneous Maximum Residue Limits in Food , Codex Alimentarius Commission, Washington, DC (1997). 

Codex Alimentarius Commission (1997) ALINORM 97/23A, Appendix III Analytical terminology for codex use... 

Codex Alimentarius Commission, WHO/FAO (2003), Code of Hygienic Practices for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, CAC/RCP 53. 

In general, the question you should always ask is, What will the results of the analysis be used for . If you are sampling for compliance with a contractual requirement, i.e. the sample must contain a minimum/maximum amount of the analyte, then it is important to know how this is interpreted. At the time of writing, the Codex Alimentarius Commission recommended the following limits for food-grade salt [12] ... 

Draft General Guidelines on Sampling , Document reference ALINORM 04/27/23, Appendix III, Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2004. [http //www.codexalimentarius.net] (accessed 10 October, 2006). 

Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand, AERU Research Report n.233 FAO/WHO (2001) Codex Alimentarius-organically produced foods. Rome, 2001 Fenemore PG, Norton GA (1985) Problems of implementing improvements in pest control a case study of apples in the UK. Crop Prot 4 51-70... 

See also U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) package testing under, 18 28 sections in, 18 3 -co- designation, 7 609t Codex Alimentarius Commission, 23 470 Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR), 18 541... 

Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) sets standards for food safety and inspects meat, poultry, and egg products produced domestically and imported. The Service inspects animals and birds at slaughter and processed products at various stages of the production process, and analyzes products for microbiological and chemical adulterants. FSIS also informs the public about meat, poultry, and egg product food safety issues. FSIS works with the Research, Education and Economics mission area on food safety research issues and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on instances where animal diseases impact food safety. FSIS also facilitates the management of US activities pertaining to the Codex Alimentarius Commission, an international organization created by the United Nations, to promote the health and economic interests of consumers while encouraging fair international trade in food. 

Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines for the assessment of the competence of testing laboratories involved in the import and export control of food... 

Because of the status of the CAC described above, the work that it has carried out in the area of laboratory quality assurance must be carefully considered. One of the CAC Committees, the Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling (CCMAS), has developed criteria for assessing the competence of testing laboratories involved in the official import and export control of foods. These were recommended by the Committee at its 21st Session in March 19979 and adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission at its 22nd Session in June 1997 10 they mirror the EU recommendations for laboratory quality standards and methods of analysis. The guidelines provide a framework for the implementation of quality assurance measures to ensure the competence of testing laboratories involved in the import and export control of foods. They are intended to assist countries in then-fair trade in foodstuffs and to protect consumers. 

Thus, as for the European Union, the requirements are based on accreditation, proficiency testing, the use of validated methods of analysis and, in addition, the formal requirement to use internal quality control procedures which comply with the Harmonised Guidelines. Although the EU and Codex Alimentarius Commission refer to different sets of accreditation standards, the ISO/IEC Guide 25 1990 and EN 45000 series of standards are similar in intent. It is only through these measures that international trade will be facilitated and the requirements to allow mutual recognition to be fulfilled will be achieved. 

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