High-oleic acid

Reversed-phase HPLC has been used to analyze the oxidation products of triacylglycerols in edible oils. The detection is often based on monitoring the conjugated dienes with an ultraviolet detector (234-235 nm). However, the UV detector provides no information about oxidation products without a conjugated diene structure, e.g., products of oleic acid. Information about these compounds is important when oils with a high oleic acid content are studied. The most common universal detector types—refractive index and flame ionization detectors—are not sensitive enough to detect small amounts of oxidation products. 

Mutant Mut48 is characterized by a high oleic acid (18 lco9) level and the absence of co6 PUFAs in its mycelia. In contrast to the wild type, this mutant produces three 9 PUFAs, i.e., 6,9-cis-octadecadienoic acid (18 2 9), 8,11-cis-eicosadienoic acid (20 2 9), and 20 3 9 [159]. The formation of 20 3 9 would occur through the desaturation of 18 loo9 at A6 position into 18 2(09 followed by elongation and A5 desaturation to 20 3 9 (Fig. 15). 

Rebole, A., Rodriguez, M.L., Ortiz, L.T., Alzueta, C., Centeno, C., Viveros, A., Brenes, A. and Arija, I. (2006) Effect of dietary high-oleic acid sunflower seed, palm oil and vitamin E supplementation on broiler performance, fatty acid composition and oxidation susceptibility of meat. British Poultry Science 47, 581-591. 

Mariani, C. and Venturini, S. (1997) Characterization of desterolized high oleic acid sunflower oil in olive oil. Riv. Ital. Sost. Grasse, 74, 489—500. 

Safflowerseed oil—high oleic acid (high oleic acid safflower oil, high oleic acid carthamus oil, high oleic acid kurdee oil)... 

Sunflowerseed oil—high oleic acid (high oleic acid sunflower oil)... 

Fatty acid Palm stearin Rapeseed oil Rapeseed oil (low erucic acid) Safflowerseed oil Safflowerseed oil (high oleic acid) Sesameseed oil Soyabean oil Sunflowerseed oil Sunflowerseed oil (high oleic acid)... 

Oleic acid was increased to 48% of total milk fatty acids by feeding oleamide as a rumen-protected source of oleic acid (Jenkins, 1998). The response was nearly linear up to 5% of supplement in the diet dry matter. Proportions of all de uovo-synthesized milk fatty acids, except butyric, were reduced (Jenkins, 1999). LaCount et al. (1994) abomasally infused fatty acids from canola or high oleic acid sunflower oil into lactating cows. The transfer of oleic acid to milk fat was linear (slope = 0.541 0 350 g infused/ day) the proportion of oleic acid in milk fat increased and proportions of all de novo-synthesized fatty acids, except C4 and C6 decreased. The proportion of Ci8 o also was unchanged. Linoleic acid from canola also was transferred linearly (slope = 0.527 0-90 g infused/day). These transfers from the intestine are nearly identical to that reported by Banks et al. (1976). Hagemeister et al. (1991) reported 42 to 57% transfer of abomasally-infused linolenic acid to milk fat. 

High oleic acid canola varieties were introduced recently to directly compete in applications formerly using olive oil. 

Abbreviations LLCAN—Low iinoienic acid canola oil HOGAN—High oleic acid canola oil GLCO—Canola oil with gamma linolenic acid LLFlax—Flaxseed oil with reduced content of linolenic acid LTCAN—Canola oil with high content of lauric acid SUN—Sunflower oil MUFA—Monounsaturated fatty acids PUFA— Polyunsaturated fatty acids. 

The complete fatty acid compositions of some of these oils, namely, low hnolenic and high oleic acid, lauric acid, and gamma linolenic acid oils are given in Table 2. 

High oleic acid canola oil is another development pursued in Canada, the United States, Sweden, Australia, and elsewhere (137). As with low linolenic acid canola oil, the aim was to produce stable frying oil, which will not need hydrogenation and thus avoid fraui-isomers formation. The oleic acid content in oil from seed developed in Canada is at about 78%, whereas linoleic and linoleic acids are lowered to approximately 8% and 3% respectively (see Table 2). Saturated fatty acid content is unchanged from the standard canola oil. There is limited commercial seed production for export to Japan. Also, there is increasing acceptance of the oil in Canada and the United States. The frying performance in tests was found to be similar to... 

The fluted pumpkin Telfaria occidentalis) is a tropical gourd native to West Africa. It is taxonomicafly classified as a member of the Curcubitaceae family. The fruits are very large and weigh up to 13 kg, but only the seeds are edible (33). The seeds are very rich in both protein and fat, containing approximately 28% and 55%, respectively, from whole oven-dried fluted pumpkin seeds (26). The fatty acid profile of fluted pumpkin seeds demonstrated a high oleic acid content of 35.4% and a total saturated fatty acid concentration over 34% (Table 7) (26). Significant level of linoleic acid (18 2n-6) was also detected in the seed oil. 

The analysis of sterols and sterol esters has been proposed as one way to identify oils in blends (311, 312). Johansson and Croon (313) discussed the use of 4-des-methyl-, 4-monomethyl-, and 4,4-dimethylsterols in characterizing different vegetable oils, and the results are summarized in Table (8). The levels of total sterols and sterol classes as well as the relative distribution of the individual sterol members vary between oils. The presence of steradienes can also be used as a marker for the presence of refined oils (314, 315). High oleic acid oils can easily be used to adulterate olive oil. The presence of rapeseed oil in other oils can be detected by the analysis of brassicasterol and its dehydration product, campestatriene. The presence... 

High oleic acid content sunflower oil with good oxidative stability and emollient properties is commercially available for use in cosmetic formulations. Sunflower oil with marked oxidative stability is particularly suitable for the manufacture of sunscreen agents. " ... 

Figure 2.3 Oxidation and tocopherol retention during modified (A) and conventional (B) refining of various types of soybean oils. Key —0—, high-oleic acid soybean oil (HO) — —, low-linolenic acid soybean oil (LLL) —A—, lipoxygenase-free soybean oil (LOX) —K—, low-saturated fatty acid soybean oil (LS) — —, commodity soybean oil (CS). Source Wang and Johnson 2001b.

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