Rapeseed oil low erucic acid

Hojerova, J., Schmidt, S, Krempasky, J. 1992. Structure of margarines made with low erucic acid rapeseed oil. Food Struct. 11, 147-154. 

Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil, 8 Low Linolenic Acid Flaxseed Oil (Unhydrogenated), 58 Low Linolenic Acid Linseed Oil, 58 Lysozyme, 18... 

SYNS COLZA OIL FULLY HYDROGENATED R- PESEED OIL LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL... 

Significant differences in fuel standards also exist among different countries (2, 14-18 Table 1). In the European Union (EU), member countries have adopted a standard requiring an iodine value of less than 115 (15, 16), 120 (14), or 125 (18). This iodine value reflects the upper extreme iodine value of canola (low erucic acid rapeseed) oil. The American Society for Testing Measures (ASTM) and Italian National Standards Body (UNI) standards do not include iodine value (2, 17) and thus allow higher iodine value oils such as soy and sunflower. 

In the following chapters, examples are cited where fatty acid composition has been modified by biological methods—both traditional and modern. Well-known examples include low-erucic acid rapeseed oil (canola oil) and high-oleic sunflower oil, but attempts to develop oils with modified fatty acid are being actively pursued in many counties—in both academic and industrial laboratories—and substantial developments are likely in the next five to ten years. Some of have been described by the author (Gunstone 2001) and others are cited in the following chapters of this book. 

Ackman, R.G. (1983) Chemical composition of rapeseed oil, in High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils (eds. J.K.G. Kramer, F.D. Sauer and WJ. Pigden), Academic Press, Toronto, pp. 85—141. Ackman, R.G. (1990) Canola fatty acids — an ideal mixture for health, nutrition, and food use, in Canola and Rapeseed. Production, Chemistry, Nutrition and Processing Technology (ed F. Shahidi), Avi Book, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 81—98. 

Canola oil (low erucic acid rapeseed oil). See Rapeseed (Brassica campestris) oil... 

CAS 8002-13-9 120962-03-0 EINECS/ELINCS 232-299-0 Synonyms Brassica campestris oil Brassica oleifera Canola oil (low erucic acid rapeseed oil) Colza oil HEAR High-erucic acid rapeseed oil LEAR Low-erucic acid rapeseed oil Rapeseed oil Rapeseed oil, blown... 

At first, low emcic acid (less than 5%, meanwhile less than 2.5%) cultivars were developed. Later, one was also successful in breeding low glucosinolate varieties, finally yielding so-called double-zero cultivars now almost exclusively sown. In Canada, this rapeseed especially suited for edible purposes is referred to as canola [3]. As erucic acid has been primarily replaced by oleic acid, the fatty acid fraction of low-erucic acid rapeseed oil is composed of 52-66% oleic acid, 17-25% linoleic acid, and 8-11% Hnolenic acid. 

The development of low erucic acid rapeseed oil created an entirely new natural vegetable oil with physical and nutritional properties distinct from all previously known vegetable oils. To distinguish this new oil in the scien-... 

High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils Copyright 1983 by Academic Press Canada All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. 

Canadian Government Specifications Board Standards for Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils... 

Classification Types—Low erucic acid rapeseed oil shall be of the following types. 

Requirements The low erucic acid rapeseed oil shall comply with the requirements specified in Table I. 

If rapeseed (oil) did not exist, it would have to be invented. This paraphrase of a statement originally applied to rubber has literally become true for the oil currently produced in Canada and elsewhere which is widely known as LEAR (low erucic acid rapeseed) oil. If produced from seed of Brassica napus or Brassica campestris low in both erucic acid (<5% of total fatty acids) and glucosinolates (<3 mg/g glucosinolates measured as 3-bute-nyl isothiocyanate) the oil can be called canola oil, since "canola" is a... 

On the international level the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Hlava-cek, 1981 Wessels, 1981) has a draft standard for "Edible low erucic acid rapeseed oil" at step 8 of the Codex Procedure. This standard is reproduced in the version available in early 1982 (Appendix II) and is not the final standard. 

Draft Standard for Edible Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil (at Step 8 of the Codex Procedure)... 

SCOPE This standard applies to edible low erucic acid rapeseed oil but does not apply to low erucic acid rapeseed oil which must be subjected to further processing in order to render it suitable for human consumption. 

DESCRIPTION Low erucic acid rapeseed oil (synonyms low erucic acid turnip rape oil low erucic acid colza oil) is produced from the low erucic acid oil-bearing seeds of varieties derived from the Brassica napus L., Brassica campestris L. species. 

Where low erucic acid rapeseed oil has been subject to any process of esterification or to processing which alters its fatty acid composition or its consistency, the name low erucic acid rapeseed oil or any synonym shall not be used unless qualified to indicate the nature of the process. 

Until recently the fatty acid composition of rapeseed oil was quite different from that of other edible vegetable oils from 40 to 60% of the fatty acid components of rapeseed oil consisted of the long chain fatty acids, erucic and eicosenoic. This unusual fatty acid composition has been the subject of numerous nutritional studies. Detrimental effects attributed to the long chain fatty acid components of rapeseed oil stimulated plant breeders to search for genetically controlled variation in these components. Rape plants which produce seed oil essentially without erucic acid were isolated (Ste-fansson et al., 1961) and this characteristic was incorporated into cultivars suitable for commercial production. The new "low erucic acid" rapeseed oils contain only the fatty acid components found in other edible vegetable oils traditionally used as food in the Western World. 

B. Comparison of Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil with Other... 

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