Brassica juncea

Plant groups such as Brassica have members with the ability to extract selenium from soil. Brassica juncea, in particular, has been the focus of much research due to its relatively large biomass... 

Vonderheide, A.P., Mounicou, S., Meija, J., Henry, H.F., Caruso, J.A., and Shann, J.R., Investigation of selenium-containing root exudates of Brassica juncea using HPLC-ICP-MS and ESI-qTOF-MS, Analyst, 131, 33-40, 2006. 

However, some plants can accumulate more than 0.1% of Pb, Co, Cr, and more than 1% of Mn, Ni and Zn in the shoots. These accumulator plants are called hyperaccumulators. To date, there are approximately 400 known metal hyperaccumulator plants in the world (Baker and Walker, 1989). Thlaspi caerulescens, Alyssum murale, A. lesbiacum, A. tenium are Zn and Cd hyperaccumulators. Brassica juncea, a high-biomass plant, can accumulate Pb, Cr(III), Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sr, B and Se. Thlaspi caerulescens accumulates Ni. Hybrid poplar trees are reported to phytoremediate Cd and As contaminated soils. A Chinese brake fem, Pteris vittata, is an As hyperaccumulator (Ma et al., 2001). 

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacae), birds foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), and kenaf (Hibiscus cannibinus) have been used to reduce soil Se levels near Los Banos, California. Total Se concentrations in soil depths from 0 to 60 cm were lower in all cropped plots than in the bare plots after four years (Banuelos, 2000). The efficiency of Se lost from the soil after four years for each of the four crop rotations was in the range of 17-60% (Banuelos, 2000). The cropped plots with only tall fescue had 25% lower soil Se concentrations after four... 

Ebbs S.D., Kochian L.V. Phytoextraction of zinc by oat (aAvena sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Environ Sc Technol 1998 32 802-806. 

JAIN, J.C., GROOTWASSINK, J.W.D., KOLENOVSKY, A.D., UNDERHILL, E.W., Purification and properties of 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulphate desulphoglucosinolate sulphotransferase from Brassica juncea cell cultures, Phytochemistry, 1990, 29, 1425-1428. 

Epstein, A., Gussman, C., Blaylock, M., Yeriyahu, U., Huang, J., Kapulnik, Y. and Orser, C. (1999). EDTA and Pb-EDTA accumulation in Brassica juncea grown in Pb-amended soil, Plant Soil, 208, 87-94. 

The metabolism of sulphur plays an important role in metal response, since most chelators, including metallothioneins and phytochelatins, contain this element. APSl encodes an ATP sulfurylase and Brassica juncea has been engineered to constitutively express this gene (Pilon-Smits et al., 1999). The plants showed increased S assimilation, higher glutathione (GSH) levels and were more tolerant to Se, accumulating 2-fold higher Se levels in the shoots. 

Glucosylgentiobioside) flowers Brassica juncea leaves Cruciferae 196... 

Phytoremediation with living plants may be improved through genetic engineering and a thorough understanding of arsenic metabolism and detoxification in plants (Montes-Baydn et al., 2004). As an initial step, Montes-Bay on et al. (2004) studied arsenic metabolism in Brassica juncea (Indian mustard). They found that some of the arsenic was associated with thiol groups in the plant. 

Montes-Bayon, M., Meija, J., LcDuc, D.L. et al. (2004) HPLC-ICP-MS and ESI-Q-TOF analysis of biomolecules induced in Brassica juncea during arsenic accumulation. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 19(1), 153-58. 

Brassica juncea 400 breast milk 252 bronchiectasis 258 bronze 278 Bunsen, R. 279... 

Bell, J.M., Tyler, R.T. and Rakow, G. (1998) Nutritional composition and digestibility by 80-kg to 100-kg pigs of prepress solvent-extracted meals from low glucosi-nolate Brassica juncea, B. napus and B. rapa seed and of solvent-extracted soybean meal. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, 199-203. 

Newkirk, R.W., Classen, H.L. and Tyler, R.T. (1997) Nutritional evaluation of low glu-cosinolate mustard meals (Brassica juncea) in broiler diets. Poultry Science 76,1272-1277. 

Uptake of B is species dependent. Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to study B uptake by different plant species, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern (wild brown mustard), Festuca arundinacea Schreb. L. (tall fescue), and Brassica napus (canola) (Banuelos et al., 1993). Results showed that the greatest total amount of above ground biomass and below surface biomass was produced by tall fescue and the highest concentrations of tissue B were from roots of tall fescue. A correlation for B and Ca has been reported by Dixon et al. (1973), where B sprays have been shown to increase Ca transport into apples ( Malus spp.). 

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