Procedures confined space

Entry into bins, silos, rail tank cars, tank trucks, or other confined spaces used to ship or store carbon black should only be done following correct confined space entry procedures. Confined space entry procedures should include testing for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. 

Nomoutine work which is conducted in process areas needs to be controlled by the employer in a consistent manner. Hie hazards identified involving the wmk that is to be accomplished must be communicated to those doing the work, but also to those operating personnel whose work could affect the safety of the process. A work authorization notice or permit must have a procedure that describes the steps the maintenance supervisor, contractor representative, or other person needs to follow to obtain the necessary clearance to get the job started. The work authorization procedures need to reference and coordinate, as applicable, lockout/tagout procedures, line breaking procedures, confined space entry procedures, and hot work authorizations. This procedure also needs to provide clear steps to follow once the job is completed in order to provide closure far those that need to know the job is now completed and equipment can be returned to normal. 

Are all of the applicable Work Permit Procedures (Confined Space Entry, Lock Out/Tag Out, Hot Work, High Work, etc.) in piace Have the Operating, Maintenance and Supervisory personnel been properly trained on the Work Permit Procedures ... 

Material solidifies Monitor and control temperature in feed system or is too viscous, Heat trace and/or insulate lines and plugs lines. Potential for proper line break procedures exposure while Use personal protective equipment (PPE) correcting, proper lockout-tagout and confined space problem. entry procedures CCPS G-23 CCPS G-29 Fisher 1990... 

Figure 13.1 Procedure for entry into a confined space...

Not all existing procedures or program elements of the overall health and safety program need to be incorporated into the HASP. For example, if noise is a hazard, the plan does not have to cite the entire hearing conservation program. Procedures already established elsewhere may be referenced, as applicable. In another example, if a confined-space-entry procedure is required, the HASP could reference the particular procedure which is part of the overall program. The next step would be to identify confined spaces at the worksite where the procedure applies, and then provide appropriate implementation procedures (e.g., conditions to be monitored, evaluation of the space, issuance of an entry permit). If special operational procedures apply to the worksite, they can be attached to the HASP using an appendix. 

F. All site control elements of the safety and health program must be fully implemented as described in the program. The purpose of site control requirements is to ensure that only properly trained and authorized individuals enter those areas of the site with potential hazards, and that, in the event of an emergency, rapid assistance can be rendered to employees working in the exclusion zone. This section discusses the findings of two components of site control the establishment and maintenance of site work zones and the establishment and implementation of appropriate confined space procedures. 

The contractors SSAHPs at Sites B, F, and K had general confined space provisions but lacked site-specific confined space procedures. For example, SSAHPs for the Site K contractor and subcontractor had written confined space entry programs, but the programs did not establish site-specific rescue procedures or identify the confined space hazards present on the site. The job hazard analyses for both programs failed to address site maintenance tasks that could involve confined space entry and hot work hazards. The programs also failed to identify the specific person or position responsible for supervising confined space entry procedures and the location of permit-required confined spaces on site. Interviews with both contractors indicated confusion about rescue procedures. 

Employees stated that they had received confined space training and were prepared to perform confined space rescue, but they had not rehearsed rescue procedures. In addition, the confined space entry permit form for both contractors did not ask for all required information. For example, the form did not require documentation of the duration for the permit, the intended communications procedures for entry operations, or documentation of hot work performed during confined space entry operations. Completed permits did not contain documentation of hot work performed during confined space entry operations, even though hot work had been performed during such operations at least twice during the project. 

Similarly, the Site B contractor s SSAHP provided corporate policy and procedures for permit-required confined space entry but lacked the site-specific detail necessary to describe the application of the corporate policy to procedures at the site. For example, the SSAHP did not identify specific components of the thermal treatment unit that presented confined space hazards, nor did it describe the specific circumstances or procedures that would require employee entry into these areas. In addition, the plan stated that the contractor would maintain an onsite employee confined space rescue team, but did not identify the members of this team. The SSAHP for Site F also contained a generic confined space entry program but did not identify the specific location of confined space hazards present at the site. 

Contractors at Sites E, H, and J had documented confined space programs but had not fully implemented these programs. The Site H contractor had established a permit-required confined space entry program consistent with HAZWOPER requirements however, onsite procedures were not completely consistent with the written program or OSHA requirements. For example, the confined space permit form used at Site H was not the form included in the written program. The audit team also found evidence that employee training was insufficient for safe... 

Safe work practices for hazards control lockout/tagout, confined space entry, procedures for opening process boundaries and entrance control for maintenance... 

The hazards of management-controlled nonroutine work in the process areas must be communicated to affected individuals. The work permit prescribes the procedures that must be followed to get the permit. Work authorization procedures specify lockout/tagout, line breaking., confined space entry, and hot work authorization through clear steps leading to job completion, closure, and return to normal. 

All confined space entry permits procedures and other safety regulations must be followed. 

Entry into confined spaces where there is likely to be a danger from toxic or flammable gases, or oxygen deficiency or enrichment (Table 11.12). Such work requires well rehearsed procedures regulated by a permit. Figure 11.3 identifies the procedures for entry into confined spaces and Table 11.13 lists associated safety requirements with a specimen permit (Figure 11.4). 

The diffusional properties of TS-1 catalysts could be modified by the synthesis of nanosized TS-1 (by the recently developed confined space synthesis method), but the separation of the finely crystalline catalyst from the product mixture is difficult. The procedure of Jacobsen and co-workers (188) for the synthesis of a mesoporous TS-1 overcomes this problem. In a typical synthesis of mesopous... 

Injuries and fatalities from asphyxiation are often associated with personnel entry into inerted equipment or enclosures. Guidance on safe procedures for confined space access are provided by OSHA (OSHA, 29 CFR 1910.146, Confined Space Entry Standard, 2000), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI, Z117.1, Safety Requirements for Confined Spaces, 2003), Hodson (Hodson, Safe Entry into Confined Spaces, Handbook of Chemical Health and Safety, American Chemical Society, 2001), and BP (BP, Hazards of Nitrogen and Catalyst Handling, 2003). OSHA has established 19.5 vol % as the minimum safe oxygen concentration for confined space entry without supplemental oxygen supply (see Table 23-18). Note that OSHA imposes a safe upper limit on 02 concentration of 23.5 vol % to protect against the enhanced flammability hazards associated with 02-enriched atmospheres. 

The mechanical integrity procedures must also embody the safe work practices as well as the detailed equipment procedures. Safe work practices include Lock and Tag, Confined Space Entry, Welding, Burning and Open Flame, and similar essential personnel safety procedures. Detailed equipment procedures include generic procedures, equipment specific procedures, and manufacturers procedures. 

Performing a job safety analysis for each task at confined spaces, for example entry plan, assigned standby persons, communication between workers, rescue procedures, and specified work procedures... 

This is where the synthesis of nano-sized molecular sieves is carried out in the template matrix within confined spaces. This is an ideal synthetic route if the space size and uniformity favor the crystallization, and the as-synthesized product is easily isolated from the templates. Mesoporous molecular sieves with uniform mesopore structures can be adopted as the template, such as MCM-41. In 2000, Schmidt et al.[127] first proposed such a route to synthesize ZSM-5 nanocrystals. The synthesis procedure consisted of the impregnation of mesoporous carbon black with reaction solution, followed by treatment with steam at 150 °C, and the combustion of carbon black. Compared with other methods, the advantage of this one is that the nano-sized product is easily isolated and the yield is relatively higher. However, it also has some drawbacks. First, there is a high requirement for the preparation of carbon black as the template matrix, i.e., the mesopore sizes in carbon black must be uniform. Second, the crystallization must be performed in the mesopores, not on the extra surfaces of the carbon black. Third, a large amount of carbon black will be consumed (about four-times that of the nanozeolite product). All of these factors affect the further development of this route to some degree. 

Procedural or operating procedures, for example, operator response to alarms, emergency response procedures, safety rules and standard procedures, training. An example is a confined space entry procedure. 

Practices that concern process and persoimel safety such as steps for controlling hazardous energy, vessel entry, line opening, confined space entry, and flame or spark-producing work (hot work) should be addressed in procedures either as steps or as references. 

The development and implementation of safety procedures for non-routine work are required by OSHA and EPA. These specifically include hot work (such as welding), lockout or tagout, line-breaking, and confined-space entry. Other examples of non-routine work for which procedures should be developed would be excavation, electrical hot work (on energized conductors), hot-tapping (on pressurized piping), and, in some instances, personal protective equipment. 

Re-enactment of workers overcome by hydrogen sulfide in wet well. Types of confined spaces, testing requirements, and safe work procedures. Produced by Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario. Water Environment Federation. 

Permit system, personal protective equipment and clothing, and key procedures for entering and working in confined spaces. 

Atmospheric testing, entry supervisor duties, attendants and entrants, retrieval systems, hazard identification, and entry procedures for non-permit confined spaces. 

Confined space classification, testing procedures, and training personnel before entry. Produced by Louisville and Jefferson County Metropolitan Sewer District, Louisville, kentucky. 

Step-by-step training in the procedures for working safely in confined spaces and how human factors and human frailties can cause an incident. 

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