Component specification

The number of columns ia a multicomponent train can be reduced from the N — 1 relationship if side-stream draw-offs are used for some of the component cuts. The feasibiUty of multicomponent separation by such draw-offs depends on side-stream purity requirements, feed compositions, and equihbrium relationships. In most cases, side-stream draw-off distillations are economically feasible only if component specifications for the side-stream are not tight. If a single component is to be recovered ia an essentially pure state from a mixture containing both lower and higher boiling components, a... 

By a combination of the two control handles, one can affect component specification in the product streams, but there is always some maximum possible extent of separation (value of Fenske ratio) in a given system. Nearly all control measures are designed to permit control of the two handles. It should be realized that column operation needs to be kept reasonably smooth, otherwise separation already achieved may in the following five minutes (or six hours) partially be undone by surging in the system. 

The main objective of the In-Plant Reliability Data System (IPRDS) was to develop a comprehensive and component-specific data base for PRA and other component reliability-related statistical analysis. Data base personnel visited selected plants and copied all the plant maintenance wor)c requests. They also gathered plant equipment lists and plant drawings and in some cases interviewed plant personnel for Information on component populations and duty cycles. Subsequently, the maintenance records were screened to separate out the cases of corrective maintenance applying to particular components these were reviewed to determine such things as failure modes, severity, and, if possible, failure cause. The data from these reports were encoded into a computerized data base. 

Name of Luciferase (Lase) Mr Required Components Specific Activity, Quanta s-1mg-1 (Turnover No) Km Remarks4... 

Advances in powder metallurgy have brought the technology to a point where it could be applied advantageously to the production cf highly stressed, critical components. Specifically, PM forging now can replace the conventional forging of certain low-alloy steel components. 

In the previous sections, we indicated how, under certain conditions, pressure may be used to induce immiscibility in liquid and gaseous binary mixtures which at normal pressures are completely miscible. We now want to consider how the introduction of a third component can bring about immiscibility in a binary liquid that is completely miscible in the absence of the third component. Specifically, we are concerned with the case where the added component is a gas in this case, elevated pressures are required in order to dissolve an appreciable amount of the added component in the binary liquid solvent. For the situation to be discussed, it should be clear that phase instability is not a consequence of the effect of pressure on the chemical potentials, as was the case in the previous sections, but results instead from the presence of an additional component which affects the chemical potentials of the components to be separated. High pressure enters into our discussion only indirectly, because we want to use a highly volatile substance for the additional component. 

The component specific heat capacity coefficients, A, B, C, D, are stored as a matrix. If an energy balance is to be made on several units, the specific heat coefficients for all the components can be entered at the start, and the program rerun for each unit. 

Nowadays, most of the car manufacturers are interested to replace noble metals by cheaper active phases or at least to significantly lower their content without altering their tolerance to poisoning effects. Recent developments using gold and silver as active components specifically for low temperature applications could be promising, but their sulphur tolerance is questionable in those temperature conditions [12-14], Apparently, such an aspect may exclude an extensive development of those silver-based catalysts for NO abatement processes for stationary sources. 

Elemental images, z = f(lx, ly), with z being a component-specific signal see Fig. 3.12c... 

Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical identity Common Name(s)) Other limits OSHA PEL ACGlH TlV Recommended o-o (optionan... 

Catalysis has been central to the component-specification standards defined by Texas Instruments and Microsoft, the CBD-96 standards from Tl/Sterling, and services and products from Platinum Technology it has been adopted by several companies as their standard approach for UML-based development. It fits the needs of Java, JavaBeans, COM+, and CORBA development and supports the approach of RM-ODP. It also supports systematic development based on use cases. 

A component specification describes the external behavior required of the component. Catalysis uses a type specification to describe behavior that is visible at the boundary between the component and its environment. A type specification defines the actions in its environment that a component or object participates in. 

Chapter 10, Components and Connectors, discusses more-general component models, in which the kinds of the connectors between components can themselves be extended to include new forms of component interaction, such as properties and events. Chapter 15, How to Specify a Component, describes how to go about writing a component specification. 

The internal design of a component describes how it is assembled from smaller parts that interact to provide the required overall behavior. The design is described as a collaboration, and it must conform to the specification of the component. Note that the outside for this design is the type model in the component specification. 

These techniques apply at the level of a business process, problem domain description, software component specification, design, or implementation. Part V describes how to apply these techniques at different levels in a systematic process. It says more about the process of discovering objects and of achieving continuity and traceability from problem domain to code. 

Implementations always include some element of specification (but not vice versa), so the two kinds of document are never entirely separate. First, an implementation need not be complete down to the finest detail it might interconnect a few smaller component specifications, leaving their implementations to be chosen separately. Second, the concepts the participants talk about when they interact can also be specified rather than implemented using types, we can define what information must be sent without deciding its representation. 

Component specification The boundary. Specification of the behavior of a component, saying nothing about its internal design. The document may also show collaborations between the component and the objects around it (whether soft, hard, or live). It is... 

The purpose of a component specification is to say what the component does rather than how it works inside. (Once again, a component may be hardware, a software system or object, or a person or organization, on any scale.)... 

System or component specification One or more documents, each of which describes a black-box view of a software system or component, specified as a type. In turn, it may be structured as... 

Packages contain everything including business models, change requests, component specifications, source code, bug reports and their test data, changes and bug fixes to code,... 

When we specify a component, we take for granted the underlying architecture—mechanisms for registration to receive an output and the like—and focus on a higher-level specification. Including outputs in a specification (marked output property , output event , and so on or the equivalent solid arrow notation) implies that all this is assumed. A component specification takes the form of a single type description but as always in Catalysis, it can be refined and implemented as a collection of objects. 

The process of modeling and designing is recursive throughout business, component specification, and internal design. Similarly, specification and implementation activities are also recursive across the business or domain model, component spec, and internal design. 

There are still three conceptual levels the domain models (the outside, describing the environment in which the software will reside), the component specifications (the boundary, describing its externally desired behaviors), and the component implementation (the inside, describing its internal design). These three levels continue recursively Each subcomponent itself has a context (the collaboration with others that should realize the external spec), a specification, and its own implementation. 

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