Potassium caprate

A historically well-investigated system consists of water, potassium caprate (K-caprate), and -octanol. The phases were determined as indicated in Figure 9.2a. 

The salts of fatty acids (not naturally occurring) have long been known to have insecticidal properties. The most effective potassium salts center around oleate in the monounsaturated and saturated series, although potassium caprate (Cio) was especially active against Choristoneura occidentalis (Western spruce budworm) and Acleris gloverana (Western blackheaded budworm) (117). 

Figure 13. (a) Experimental ternary phase diagrams of water, octanol, and potassium caprate at 20°C. (b) Phase diagram predicted by Jonsson and Wennerstrom [18] using an elemental structures model. Reprinted with permission from B. Jonsson and H. WennerstrOm, J. Phys. Chem. 91, 338 (1987) [18]. Copyright 1987 American Chemical Society. 

It is obvious that in the theoretical treatment sketched above, S, the amount of soap, refers to the amount of micellar soap. If in a polymerization mixture a soap is used with a relatively high critical micelle concentration (C.M.C.), it is necessary to correct for the amount of soap which is molecularly dissolved and does not contribute to particle formation, at least in the mechanism considered by Smith and Ewart. Consequently, the number of particles and hence the rate of polymerization decrease sharply with increasing C.M.C., as was observed by Staudinger (59), who reported initial polymerization rates of 0.041, 0.12, and 0.225% per minute for reactions in 3% solutions of potassium caprate, laurate, and stearate, where the C.M.C.s are about 2.1, 0.60, and 0.17%, respectively. 

Fig. 14.19. (a) Plan of the unit cell of the monoclinic structure of potassium caprate, CH3.(CH2)4.COOK, projected on a plane perpendicular to the y axis. The inclination of the individual anions is indicated by the symbols + and —. (b, c) Sections through the structure on planes parallel to the y and z axes and containing (b) M-M and (c) N N. The potassium ions do not lie in the planes of these sections but are shown in projection on to them. 

In the sodium caprylate-alcohol-water system the length of the alcohol chain was systematically varied from decanol down to ethanol, and in all the systems mesophases D and E with an intervening two-phase area were found 21). The same applies to the systems with potassium soaps it was notably the case also for the system potassium caprate-octanol-water (Figure 23), which has been described as containing only a single mesophase (1, 2, 3). 

Molecular motion in micellar solutions of sodium lauryl sulfate with varying concentration of added sodium chloride has been studied by 1 3C nmr techniques (Roberts and Chachaty, 1973). The effect of the salt was to increase the mobility of the methylene group adjacent to the polar head (Roberts and Chachaty, 1973). Values of Ty for aqueous micellar potassium caprate (C9H, 9COOK) have been determined (Alexandre et al., 1973) and compared to the relaxation times of decanol (Doddrell and Allerhand, 1971a). 

Features High foaming mild Trade Name Synonyms Monafax MAP 230 t[Uniqema Am. http //www.uniqema.com] Potassium caprate CAS 13040-18-1 INS470 E470a... 

Magnesium silicate Magnesium stearate Magnesium trisilicate D-Mannitol Microcrystalline cellulose Polydimethylsiloxane Potassium acid tartrate Potassium caprate Potassium caprylate Potassium ferrocyanide Potassium laurate Potassium myristate Potassium oleate Potassium palmitate Potassium silicate... 

Polysorbate 21 Polysorbate 40 Polysorbate 60 Polysorbate 65 Polysorbate 80 Polysorbate 81 Polysorbate 85 Potassium alginate Potassium caprate Potassium caprylate... 

Potassium acid tartrate Potassium alginate Potassium alum anhydrous Potassium bicarbonate Potassium caprate Potassium caprylate Potassium carbonate Potassium carrageenan Potassium chloride Potassium citrate... 

Polydimethylsiloxane, hydroxyethoxypropyl-terminated Polydimethylsiloxane, trimethylsiloxy-terminated Polyethylene Polyethylene wax Polyglyceryl-2 isostearate Polymethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropylsiloxane Potassium caprate PPG-40 Propylene glycol dimethyl ether Propylene glycol laurate Propylene glycol stearate Pyridine Pyridinium propyl sulfobetaine (N-Pyrrolidonepropyl) methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer Silicone... 

Uses Surfactant, foaming agent for personal care including acne treatment and facial cleansers Features High foaming mild Potassium caprate... 

Uses Surfactant in cosmetics Reguiatory Canada DSL ManufJDistrib. Nanjing Chemlin Potassium decanoate. See Potassium caprate Potassium deceth-4 phosphate... 

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