Polypropylene oxide resin

In 1955, Pruitt and Baggett (4,5) reported the polymerization of propylene oxide catalyzed by the reaction product of ferric chloride and propylene oxide, i.e., Pruitt-Baggett catalyst . Polypropylene oxide obtained from DL-monomer could be fractionated into two parts, one rubbery and another resinous. The latter fraction gave a discrete crystalline X-ray diffraction pattern. 

Polypropylene oxide (PPO) is a recently developed resin with an application that is rapidly expanding. It requires a comparatively long drying time since it contains superfine particles and has high affinity for water. Of various kinds of polymers, this is the one that requires the most difficult processing techniques. The paddle dryer is found to process this material economically. 

Since rapid collection of erstwhile single cells can be brought about by the use of dielectrophoresis, and the shape of the mass of cells so formed is controlled by the shape of the electrodes, by the frequency of the field, and by the shape of the cells, it appeared worthwhile to see if the shapes so formed could be made more permanent, so as to prepare desired structures of the cellular aggregates. To this end, the gel-forming properties of a relatively nontoxic block copolymer solution in water were used. A concentrated aqueous solution of the block copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide (PEO-PPO) is quite fluid at 0°C to about 5°C, but sets reversibly to a rather stiff gel at about 30-40°C. The PEO-PPO polymer solutions are reported to be relatively nontoxic to most organisms (Pluronic resin F-127), Wyandotte Chemicals Corp.). 

Polypropylene Polysulfone resin Propylene oxide/allyl glycidyl ether copolymer Zinc automotive industry Potassium phosphate dibasic... 

Polyacrylamidomethylpropane sulfonic acid Polyacrylic acid Polybutylene terephthalate Polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate Polyester resin, thermoplastic Polyethylacrylate Polyethylene Polyethylene terephthalate Polyglucuronic acid Polyisobutene Polymethacrylamidopropyl trimonium chloride Polymethyl acrylate Polymethyl methacrylate Polyoxyisobutylene/methylene urea copolymer Polypropylene Polypropylene, oxidized Polyquaternium-1 Polyquaternium-2 Polyquaternium-4 Polyquaternium-5 Polyquaternium-6 Polyquaternium-7... 

Polypropylene oxide alone increases fiacture toughness of DGEBA less than the polysulfones, but has been found more effective when used in conjunction with CTBN. The combination nearly doubles fiacture toughness ofN-phenylmaleimide-styrene copolymer and N-phenylmaleimide-cyclohexylmaleimide terpolymer also provide improvement in DGEBA properties and lower T of the epoxy resin very little. 

The products tested were a high propylene oxide polymer of molecular weight 7500, a block copolymer of molecular weight 3700, a mixture of ethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide polymer of molecular weight 3100, a nonylphenol resin surfactant of molecular weight 2000, and a nonylbutyl phenol surfactant of molecular weight 400. 

PO Polyolefin, but also Elastomeric polypropylene oxide, and Phenoxy resin... 

Polymer Blends. The miscibility of poly(ethylene oxide) with a number of other polymers has been studied, eg, with poly (methyl methacrylate) (18—23), poly(vinyl acetate) (24—27), polyvinylpyrroHdinone (28), nylon (29), poly(vinyl alcohol) (30), phenoxy resins (31), cellulose (32), cellulose ethers (33), poly(vinyl chloride) (34), poly(lactic acid) (35), poly(hydroxybutyrate) (36), poly(acryhc acid) (37), polypropylene (38), and polyethylene (39). 

Worldwide propylene production and capacity utilization for 1992 are given in Table 6 (74). The world capacity to produce propylene reached 41.5 X 10 t in 1992 the demand for propylene amounted to 32.3 x 10 t. About 80% of propylene produced worldwide was derived from steam crackers the balance came from refinery operations and propylene dehydrogenation. The manufacture of polypropylene, a thermoplastic resin, accounted for about 45% of the total demand. Demand for other uses included manufacture of acrylonitrile (qv), oxochemicals, propylene oxide (qv), cumene (qv), isopropyl alcohol (see Propyl alcohols), and polygas chemicals. Each of these markets accounted for about 5—15% of the propylene demand in 1992 (Table 7). 

Polyacetal Homopolymer Polyelherimide Phenolic Resin Polypropylene Polyvmylidene Difluonde Polyphenylene Oxide Polyphenylene Oxide (Glass Filled) Polyethersulphone I ill ll I i jH... 

About 60% of the propylene oxide made is polymerized to polypropylene glycol and other polyethers for use in polyurethane foams and adhesives. Propylene glycol is also widely used in polyester resins based on maleic anhydride. 

Additive-free film samples of isotactic polypropylene (iPP, 30pm Himont Profax resin) and polyethylenes (LLDPE, 120ym, linear low density DuPont Sclair resin, and UHMW-PE, 120wm, ultra high molecular weight, high density Himont LSR 5641-1B resin) were oxidized by exposure in air to y-radiation (AECL Gamma Cell 220, 1.0... 

In storage capacitors it is important that we keep the dielectric constant to a minimum. This is not just a question of selecting the most appropriate polymer we must also ensure that contaminants that could raise the dielectric constant are kept to a minimum. Polymer manufacturers sell special grades of polypropylene (which is invariably the polymer of choice) that they describe as "ultraclean . These resins are made with catalysts that are extremely active and thus leave very little residue in the polymer. Such resins typically contain little or no anti-oxidant and are extruded under conditions and using equipment that are designed to minimize oxidation. 

Figure 2.21 Most probable hydrogens attacked by oxidation a) PP resin segment, b) polypropylene glycol segment, and c) trans polyisoprene segment. The arrows point to the hydrogens that are the most susceptible to attack and removal...

MC MDI MEKP MF MMA MPEG MPF NBR NDI NR OPET OPP OSA PA PAEK PAI PAN PB PBAN PBI PBN PBS PBT PC PCD PCT PCTFE PE PEC PEG PEI PEK PEN PES PET PF PFA PI PIBI PMDI PMMA PMP PO PP PPA PPC PPO PPS PPSU Methyl cellulose Methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide Melamine formaldehyde Methyl methacrylate Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde Nitrile butyl rubber Naphthalene diisocyanate Natural rubber Oriented polyethylene terephthalate Oriented polypropylene Olefin-modified styrene-acrylonitrile Polyamide Poly(aryl ether-ketone) Poly(amide-imide) Polyacrylonitrile Polybutylene Poly(butadiene-acrylonitrile) Polybenzimidazole Polybutylene naphthalate Poly(butadiene-styrene) Poly(butylene terephthalate) Polycarbonate Polycarbodiimide Poly(cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly(ethylene glycol) Poly(ether-imide) Poly(ether-ketone) Polyethylene naphthalate Polyether sulfone Polyethylene terephthalate Phenol-formaldehyde copolymer Perfluoroalkoxy resin Polyimide Poly(isobutylene), Butyl rubber Polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methylpentene) Polyolefins Polypropylene Polyphthalamide Chlorinated polypropylene Poly(phenylene oxide) Poly(phenylene sulfide) Poly(phenylene sulfone)... 

Experimental Procedure. The resin is washed with MeOH and a small portion (ca. 5 mg) is transferred to a disposable syringe (1 ml) fitted with a polypropylene filter disc. To the resin is added of DMF (1 ml) and the syringe is capped and shaken for 5 min. The DMF is then drained and a freshly prepared solution of Purpald dissolved in 1 M NaOH (250 pi) is added. The syringe is capped and shaken for 5 min. The solution is drained and the resin is washed with DCM (3x1 ml). The resin is then left uncapped for 10 min. The presence of free aldehydes is indicated by brown or purple beads. At lower values of resin loading, a longer air oxidation time may be required for color to develop (up to 20 min). 

The decorative laminates described in the previous chapter are made with selected thermosetting resins while resins of this type can be moulded and extruded by methods similar to those outlined in the present and the next chapter the materials employed for these processes predominantly are thermoplastic. Many such plastics can be moulded and extruded under suitable conditions, the most important in terms of quantities used being those that combine properties satisfactory for the purpose with convenience in pro-cessing-especially the polyolefins (polyethylene and polypropylene), poly(vinyl chloride), and styrene polymers and blends. Other plastics with special qualities, such as better resistance to chemical attack, heat, impact, and wear, also are used—including acetals (polyformaldehyde or polyoxymethylene), polyamides, polycarbonates, thermoplastic polyesters like poly(ethylene terephtha-late) and poly(butylene terephthalate), and modified poly(phenylene oxide),... 

Of prime importance to the continued growth of polypropylene are the stabilizer systems which must be used to protect the resin during processing, and during exposure of finished products to various environmental and use conditions. The weak tertiary carbon—hydrogen bonds in polypropylene make it particularly susceptible to degradation caused by heat, oxidation, process shearing, and ultraviolet radiation (24). 

PB PBI PBMA PBO PBT(H) PBTP PC PCHMA PCTFE PDAP PDMS PE PEHD PELD PEMD PEC PEEK PEG PEI PEK PEN PEO PES PET PF PI PIB PMA PMMA PMI PMP POB POM PP PPE PPP PPPE PPQ PPS PPSU PS PSU PTFE PTMT PU PUR Poly(n.butylene) Poly(benzimidazole) Poly(n.butyl methacrylate) Poly(benzoxazole) Poly(benzthiazole) Poly(butylene glycol terephthalate) Polycarbonate Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) Poly(chloro-trifluoro ethylene) Poly(diallyl phthalate) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Polyethylene High density polyethylene Low density polyethylene Medium density polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly-ether-ether ketone poly(ethylene glycol) Poly-ether-imide Poly-ether ketone Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly-ether sulfone Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methacryl imide) Poly(methylpentene) Poly(hydroxy-benzoate) Polyoxymethylene = polyacetal = polyformaldehyde Polypropylene Poly (2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) = Poly(phenylene oxide) Polyp araphenylene Poly(2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene ether) Poly(phenyl quinoxaline) Polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfide Polyphenylene sulfone Polystyrene Polysulfone Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyurethane Polyurethane rubber... 

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