Phenol-formaldehyde copolymers

MC MDI MEKP MF MMA MPEG MPF NBR NDI NR OPET OPP OSA PA PAEK PAI PAN PB PBAN PBI PBN PBS PBT PC PCD PCT PCTFE PE PEC PEG PEI PEK PEN PES PET PF PFA PI PIBI PMDI PMMA PMP PO PP PPA PPC PPO PPS PPSU Methyl cellulose Methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide Melamine formaldehyde Methyl methacrylate Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde Nitrile butyl rubber Naphthalene diisocyanate Natural rubber Oriented polyethylene terephthalate Oriented polypropylene Olefin-modified styrene-acrylonitrile Polyamide Poly(aryl ether-ketone) Poly(amide-imide) Polyacrylonitrile Polybutylene Poly(butadiene-acrylonitrile) Polybenzimidazole Polybutylene naphthalate Poly(butadiene-styrene) Poly(butylene terephthalate) Polycarbonate Polycarbodiimide Poly(cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly(ethylene glycol) Poly(ether-imide) Poly(ether-ketone) Polyethylene naphthalate Polyether sulfone Polyethylene terephthalate Phenol-formaldehyde copolymer Perfluoroalkoxy resin Polyimide Poly(isobutylene), Butyl rubber Polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methylpentene) Polyolefins Polypropylene Polyphthalamide Chlorinated polypropylene Poly(phenylene oxide) Poly(phenylene sulfide) Poly(phenylene sulfone)... 

Effects of Phenol-Formaldehyde Copolymer on Gluebond Performance of Lignin-Phenolic Resin Systems... 

The earliest polymers of practical use were prepared by step-growth reactions, most notable among them Bakelite, a phenol-formaldehyde copolymer first marketed in 1910 [4]. Its name was long almost synonymous with synthetic plastics and resins, has become generic, and is no longer restricted to phenol-formaldehyde copolymers. Most but not all step-growth polymerizations are condensations. 

This copolymer can be obtained from a polydimethylsiloxane that has aminoalkyl end groups in a reaction with the polyetherimide formed from the reaction of a bis(ether anhydride) with diaminobenzene. The material is fire resistant and is used in cable insulations. Among other more complex copolymers with practical applications are poly[2,2-propanebis(4-phenyl)-carbonate]-b/ock-poly(dimethylsiloxane)] and a silicone phenol formaldehyde copolymer obtained in two steps, the first being the heating of a polydimethylsiloxane that has reactive end groups with glycerol, and the second step being the reaction with a phenol formaldehyde resin. 

One important example of cross-linking involves phenol-formaldehyde copolymers (Fig. 23.3). When these two compounds are mixed (with the phenol in excess in the presence of an acid catalyst), straight-chain polymers form. The first step is the addition of formaldehyde to phenol to give methylolphenol ... 

The resins are either phenol-formaldehyde (PF), or urea-formaldehyde/phenol-formaldehyde copolymers (UF/PF), both being "resols", with a formaldehyde/phenol ratio higher than one. 

Phenol, p-ethyl-. See p-Ethylphenol Phenol, 3-(ethylamino)-4-methyl-. See 3-Ethylamino-4-methylphenol Phenol, 3-(ethylamino)-4-methyl, sulfate (2 1). See3-Ethylamino-p-cresol sulfate Phenol-formaldehyde. See Phenolic resin Phenol formaldehyde butyl resin. See Butylphenol formaldehyde Phenol-formaldehyde copolymer. See Phenol-formaldehyde resin... 

Synonyms Formaldehyde, phenol polymer Formaldehyde, polymer with paraformaldehyde and phenol Paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde, phenol polymer Paraformaldehyde, phenol polymer Phenol-formaldehyde copolymer Phenol, formaldehyde polymer Phenol, polymer with formaldehyde Phenol, polymer with paraformaldehyde Classification Thermosetting polymer Definition Reaction prod, of phenol with aq. 37-50% formaldehyde with basic catalyst chief class of phenolic resin Formula (CeHeO (CH20)x)x Properties Gray to bik., hard, infusible solid when cured resist, to moisture, soivs., heat to 200 C dimensionally stable good elec, resist. noncombustible... 

Because quinomethanes are a,j8-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, they may undergo Michael additions (Section 18-11) with excess phenoxide ion. The resulting phenols can be hydroxymethylated again and the entire process repeated. Eventually, a complex phenol-formaldehyde copolymer, also called a phenolic resin (e.g., Bakelite), is formed. Their major uses are in plywood (45%), insulation (14%), molding compounds (9%), fibrous and granulated wood (9%), and laminates (8%). 

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