Polyphenylene sulfones

Nylon, polyacetal, polycarbonates, poly(2,6-dimethyl)phenylene oxide (PPO), polyimides, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene sulfones, polyaryl sulfones, polyalkylene phthalates, and polyarylether ketones (PEEK) are stiff high-melting polymers which are classified as engineering plastics. The formulas for the repeating units of some of these engineering plastics are shown in Figure 1.15. 

Stiff polymers, such as polyphenylene, nylon 66, polyphenylene sulfone, and polyarylether ketone (PEEK), have relatively high Tg values because of the presence of phenylene and sulfone or carbonyl stiffening groups in the chain. 

Aromatic cyclic chains are more stable than aliphatic catenated carbon chains at elevated temperatures. Thus linear phenolic and melamine polymers are more stable at elevated temperatures than polyethylene, and the corresponding cross-linked polymers are even more stable. In spite of the presence of an oxygen or a sulfur atom in the backbones of polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and polyphenylene sulfone, these polymers are... 

PB PBI PBMA PBO PBT(H) PBTP PC PCHMA PCTFE PDAP PDMS PE PEHD PELD PEMD PEC PEEK PEG PEI PEK PEN PEO PES PET PF PI PIB PMA PMMA PMI PMP POB POM PP PPE PPP PPPE PPQ PPS PPSU PS PSU PTFE PTMT PU PUR Poly(n.butylene) Poly(benzimidazole) Poly(n.butyl methacrylate) Poly(benzoxazole) Poly(benzthiazole) Poly(butylene glycol terephthalate) Polycarbonate Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) Poly(chloro-trifluoro ethylene) Poly(diallyl phthalate) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Polyethylene High density polyethylene Low density polyethylene Medium density polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly-ether-ether ketone poly(ethylene glycol) Poly-ether-imide Poly-ether ketone Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly-ether sulfone Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methacryl imide) Poly(methylpentene) Poly(hydroxy-benzoate) Polyoxymethylene = polyacetal = polyformaldehyde Polypropylene Poly (2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) = Poly(phenylene oxide) Polyp araphenylene Poly(2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene ether) Poly(phenyl quinoxaline) Polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfide Polyphenylene sulfone Polystyrene Polysulfone Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyurethane Polyurethane rubber... 

PTFE can be compounded with polymeric fdlers with adequate thermal stability. Examples of such polymers include polyarylates such as polyether-ketone, polyphenylene sulfone, and polyphenylene sulfide. Surface characteristics such as wear rate, coefficient of friction, and surface tension can be modified with these additives. 

As weU as in edible-oil processing, the use of organic solvents is also relevant in the synthesis of amino adds and their derivatives. In producing dipeptides such as L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester, better known as aspartame, from amino acids and derivatives via enzymatic processes in organic solvents such as butyl acetate and 2-methyl-2-butanol, unreacted amino acids should be recycled after the synthesis to make the process more efficient. Reddy et al. tested several commercial membranes and found a polyamide-polyphenylene sulfone composite to be promising for this appHcation. However, further research is stiU needed here to apply other membrane materials, which are more resistant towards solvents like butyl acetate [33]. 

Polyphenylene sulfone, polysulfone Polypropyleneterephthalate (see also PTT) Poly(l,4-phenylene terephthalamide)... 

Polyphenylene sulfide Polyphenylene sulfide sulfone Polyphenylene sulfone Polypropylene Polypropylene copolymer Polypropylene homopolymer Polypropylene oxide Polystyrene Polytetrafluorethylene Polyurethane Polyvinyl acetate Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl carbazole Polyvinyl chloride... 

Polyphenylene sulfone Nickel, aluminum, copper, silver, and alumina all adversely affect the thermooxidative stability of the polymer, whereas tin does not [98-100]. 

S. Granados-Focil and M. H. Litt, A new class of polyelectrolytes, polyphenylene sulfonic acid and its copolymers, as proton exchange membranes for PEMFC s, Prepr. Symp. (Div. Fuel Chem., Am. Chem. Soc.) 49(2), 528-529 (2(X)4). 

Table 3.1 shows continuous use temperatures for engineering and high performance polymers. For comparative purposes, 30% glass fibre-reinforced grades have been selected. PEEK has the highest continuous use temperature of up to 260 C, followed closely by liquid crystal polymers. Other high performance polymers are polyphthalamide (PPA), polyamideimide (PAI), polyarylimide, polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI), polysulfone (PSU), polyethersulfone (PES). 

Amorphous materials are random entanglements of pol5mer chains, known for very good mechanical properties (strength, stifi iess) and dimensional performance. Amorphous polymers include ABS, polycarbonate, PPO/PPE, polyphenylene sulfone, polyethersulfone, polysulfone and polyetherimide. 

Polysulfones, polyphenylene sulfone Filament pyrolysis with MS flame ionisation GC detection Varied SOj Kinetics of SO2 production on sequential pyrolysis [42]... 

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