Special quality

Grades are T = technical, SQ = special quality, NF = National Formulary and Ph = photo. 

The BOS (Basic Oxygen Steelmaking) process is the major modem process for making bulk steels. Apart from special quality steels (such as stainless steel), all flat products, and long products over a certain size, are rolled from steel made by the BOS process. 

Special quality steels - A vast range of special quality steels is made in electric arc furnaces by adding other metals to form steel alloys. The most commonly known of these is stainless steel, which has chromium and nickel added to form a corrosion-resistant steel. There are very many others however the very hard steels used to make machine tools, the steels specially formulated to make them suitable for engineering, steels developed to survive for decades the hostile environment of nuclear reactors, light but strong steels used in aerospace, extra tough steels for armor plating - to name but a few. 

Tinplate that meets the rigid specifications imposed by these controls is sometimes supplied as special quality material and undoubtedly can give improved shelf-life, particularly with citrus fruits. The A.T.C. value has probably more effect on shelf-life determined by hydrogen swell than any other factor. 

The chemical task in quantum chemistry consist of choosing a proven model (i. e. the reduction of the molecular system to as few as possible atoms while conserving its characteristic properties), and choosing a reliable quantum chemical method, and last but not least, the interpretation of the data calculated using suitable reaction theoretical concepts5 . The following part deals with quantum chemical methods often used and special qualities of their application. 

The continuum model introduced by Huron and Claverie 69,70) was used in the article presented here. That model is distinguished by some special qualities, for example, the problem of the shape and size of the cavity is solved by fitting the shape to the concrete form of the molecule. The size of the cavity is chosen according to... 

A complete list of components designated by names or codes sufficiently specific to indicate any special quality characteristic ... 

ToF analysers are able to provide simultaneous detection of all masses of the same polarity. In principle, the mass range is not limited. Time-of-flight mass analysis is more than an alternative method of mass dispersion it has several special qualities which makes it particularly well suited for applications in a number of important areas of mass spectrometry. These qualities are fast response time, compatibility with pulsed ionisation events (producing a complete spectrum for each event) ability to produce a snapshot of the contents of the source volume on the millisecond time-scale ability to produce thousands of spectra per second and the high fraction of the mass analysis cycle during which sample ions can be generated or collected. 

Simon That is a difficult question. The cells in the meristem zone don t have any special qualities. Their properties — what will become of the cells — are justified by their position. If you find a cell at the top of the meristem, this is a stem cell. It is a stem cell because if you do clonal analysis, marking this cell and all its progeny, you find that it gives rise to a huge sector of the plant. 

Countless generations of grazing by wild and domesticated animals resulted in the survival and reproduction of the specialized qualities of grasses, especially turfgrasses. The evolutionary advantages of grasses, most clearly developed in... 

ASTM A576 Special quality hot wrought carbon steel bars 970 FT 3 NFA 35552 G4051... 

ASTM A 576, Standard specification for steel bars, carbon, hot-wrought, special quality. 

ASTM A 696, Standard specification for steei bars, carbon, hofwrought or coid-finished, special quality, for pressure piping components. 

Very special quality demands and quality systems are those for the production and certification of kosher and halal products, which at the time are gaining in importance all over the world. Kashrut is the body of Jewish law dealing with what foods Jews can and cannot eat and how those foods must be prepared. Kashrut originates from the ffebrew and means fit , proper or correct . The more commonly known word kosher comes from the same roots and refers to foodstuffs that meet these dietary requirements of Jewish law. Halal is an... 

Three grades of granular and powdered boric acid are manufactured in the United States. In July 1990, carload (ca 91 metric ton) prices per metric ton of granular boric acid were technical-grade, 805 NF-grade, 1562 and special quality-grade, 1892. All prices are fob plant for material packed in 45.4-kg multiwall sacks (33). 

Disodium Tetraborate Decahydrate. In the United States, nearly all the refined borax is used for household cleaning products. Small amounts are used as fertilizers and herbicides. USP-grade borax is used in cosmetic and toilet goods, in which purity is demanded. Special quality-grade borax is used in electrolytic capacitors, in nuclear applications, and as a laboratory chemical. 

A BkPdr used in safety fuses must consist of fine, uniformly grained particles free from dust. This type of powder must be of special quality and constant compn, contg, in some cases, various additives for controlling the rate of burning... 

Leather represents the product obf-incd by subjecting the hides of animals to suitable processes (tanning) to give them keeping properties and to impart to them certain special qualities (elasticity, flexibility, etc.). 

Kent, T.R. and K.E. Payne. 1996. Sampling groundwater monitoring wells special quality assurance and quality control considerations, Chapter 21. In L.H. Keith (ed.), Principles of Environmental Sampling, 2nd edition, pp. 337-392. American Chemical Society, Washington. 

Machine direction (in manufacture) is the direction of the faster flow and is to be found in all papers, although it is far smaller in the special quality made for electrophoresis or chromatography, where this machine effect is deliberately kept as small as possible. It is often indicated by an arrow on the wrappings or printed as a watermark in the sheet itself. 

Ceramic capacitors must either be low in cost in order to compete with polymer-film units or must possess special qualities that assure them of a market. The structure and method of manufacture of a capacitor are governed by a combination of these requirements. 

Materials. In addition to the bulk supplies required for the trial manufacture, the need for expensive or special quality chemicals for the laboratory considered and the likely cost. 

As was made clear in the Introduction to this chapter, the characteristics and properties of laminates depend on a variety of factors before going on to consider the special qualities of flame-retardant and postforming materials a number of the more important general features are reviewed as follows. 

The decorative laminates described in the previous chapter are made with selected thermosetting resins while resins of this type can be moulded and extruded by methods similar to those outlined in the present and the next chapter the materials employed for these processes predominantly are thermoplastic. Many such plastics can be moulded and extruded under suitable conditions, the most important in terms of quantities used being those that combine properties satisfactory for the purpose with convenience in pro-cessing-especially the polyolefins (polyethylene and polypropylene), poly(vinyl chloride), and styrene polymers and blends. Other plastics with special qualities, such as better resistance to chemical attack, heat, impact, and wear, also are used—including acetals (polyformaldehyde or polyoxymethylene), polyamides, polycarbonates, thermoplastic polyesters like poly(ethylene terephtha-late) and poly(butylene terephthalate), and modified poly(phenylene oxide),... 

Even polyethylene specially treated for medical implants has aluminum as a contaminant ultrahigh molecular mass polyethylene, considered of special quality, may present up to 40 ppm A1 [77]. 

---