Plasticizers polyvinyl acetate phthalate

Polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PYAP) dissolves at pH higher than 5 and is soluble in ethanol. Plasticizers that are used with PVAP include triethyl citrate, glyceryl triacetate, and acetyltriethyl citrate. 

Plasticizers are often included in polyvinyl acetate phthalate coating formulations to enable a continuous, homogeneous, noncracking film to be produced. Polyvinyl acetate phthalate has been shown to be compatible with several plasticizers such as glyceryl triacetate, triethyl citrate, acetyl triethylcitrate, diethyl phthalate and polyethylene glycol 400. 

Glass transition temperature a glass transition temperature of 42.5°C has been reported for polyvinyl acetate phthalate the glass transition temperature was shown to fall with the addition of increasing amounts of the plasticizer diethyl phthalate. ... 

Butyl benzyl phthalate is a plasticizer added to polymers to give flexibility and softness. It is used extensively in polyvinyl chloride and in cellulose plastics, polyvinyl acetate, polysulfides, and polyurethane. Also used in flexographic inks for food packaging applications and acrylic coatings, profile extrusions, slush moulding, film and sheeting, coated fabrics, floor and wall coverings, vinyl foams and plastisols for car sealants. 

Vervaet et al. investigated another example of a core-sheU microcapsule system via HME technology in 2005. 2 These researchers used HME as an alternative technique for enteric delivery. Polyvinyl acetate phthalate and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMC AS) enteric coating polymers were premixed with plasticizers and extruded into hollow cylinders. A model drug was then filled into these hollow cylinders and both open ends were sealed. Dissolution... 

Polychloroethene (polyvinyl chloride), as usually prepared, is atactic and not very crystalline. It is relatively brittle and glassy. The properties of polyvinyl chloride can be improved by copolymerization, as with ethenyl ethanoate (vinyl acetate), which produces a softer polymer ( Vinylite ) with better molding properties. Polyvinyl chloride also can be plasticized by blending it with substances of low volatility such as tris-(2-methylphenyl) phosphate (tricresyl phosphate) and dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate (dibutyl phthalate) which, when dissolved in the polymer, tend to break down its glasslike structure. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride is reasonably flexible and is widely used as electrical insulation, plastic sheeting, and so on. 

Exchange between product and pack can occur in both directions, e.g. certain labelling materials such as heat sensitive and self-adhesive labels when in contact with plastic materials. Both the plastic and the adhesives may contain plasticisers or migratory constituents. Most cellulosics use phthalate, sebacate, phosphate-type plasticisers (e.g. methyl phthalate (DMP) may be used in cellulose acetate). Plasticisers may also be found in poly vinyl chloride/acetate copolymers, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol formulations, polymethyl methacrylate, nylon and certain thermosetting resins. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-00524 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-butoxyethyl) ester Bis(2-butoxyethyl) phthalate BRN 2006754 p-Butoxyethyl phthalate Butyl cellosolve phthalate Butyl glycol phthalate Di-(2-Butoxyethyl) fster kyseliny ftalove DI-(2-butoxyethyl)ester kyseliny ftalove Di(2-butoxyethyl) phthalate Oibutoxyethyl phthalate Dibutyl cellosolve phthalate Dibutylcellosolve ftalat Dibutylglycol phthalate EINECS 204-213-1 Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phthalate (2 1) HSDB 5402 Kesscoflex Kesscoflex BCP Kronisol NSC 4840 Palatinol Palatinol K Phthalic xid, bis(2-butoxyethyl) ester Phthalio xid, dibutoxyethyl ester Plasthall 200 Plasthall DBEP. Plasticizer for PVC, polyvinyl acetate, and other resins. Viscous liquid bp = 270 d = 1.06. Ashland Hall C.P. Unllex. 

Di- -butyl phthalate is used in many products that are made from plastic. It is also in products like white glues and carpenter s glues made from a plastic known as polyvinyl acetate emulsion. Di- -butyl phthalate is also used in some paints, furniture lacquer, and nail polish. When it is in anything, di- -butyl phthalate is at a higher level when that product is new. There is less in products that are old. Because di- -butyl phthalate may be in some toys, there is a concern that children chewing on such toys might be exposed. No measurements have yet been made to show whether children are exposed in this way. 

The most important use of di- -butyl phthalate is as a plasticizer (Cadogan and Howick 1992, 1996). Plasticizers are compounds that are added to other substances in order to make them softer and more flexible (Cadogan and Howick 1996). Di- -butyl phthalate appears to be primarily used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesives (white glues and carpenter s glues, see Pocius 1991) as a solvent for... 

Di- -butyl phthalate is one of several phthalate esters that are widely used as a plasticizers in a range of polymers (e.g., polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose) that are found in many common consumer products including home furnishings, paints, clothing, and cosmetic products. Because of its many uses, di- -butyl phthalate is widespread in the environment and has been identified at low levels in all environmental media. Therefore, humans may be exposed to di- -butyl phthalate by inhalation, by ingestion of water or food containing di- -butyl phthalate, and by dermal contact with plastics, cosmetics, or other materials containing di- -butyl phthalate. 

The effect of plasticizer (i.e., dibutyl phthalate) content in PVAC latexes on the strengths of PVAC-modified mortars is represented in Fig. 4.12.i i Like SBR-modified mortars, the strengths are governed by the nature of polyvinyl acetate (with variation of the plasticizer content), and is reduced with an increase in the plasticizer content. 

Other polymers that can provide delayed-tack adhesives include styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, and polyamides. Solid (crystalline) plasticizers for these adhesives include dicyclohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, A-cyclohexyl-p-toluene sulfonamide, and o/p-toluene sulfonamide. Adhesives with different heat-activation temperatures could be obtained because of the range of melting points available. Delayed-tack adhesives have a large number of uses, such as coating paper for labels on bread packages, cans, etc. 

Bis(ethoxyethoxyethyl) phthalate bis-e- khak-se-e- khak-se- e-thol- kha- lat n. C6H4(C00C2H4 OC2H4OC2H5). A good primary plasticizer for polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and many other polymers See image). 

Ethylhexyl decyl phthalate n. A mixed diester plasticizer for cellulosics, polystyrene, PVC, and polyvinyl acetate. 

Plasticisers are also used in products such as lacquers and adhesives that fall outside the definition of the plastics industry. Dicyclohexyl phthalate is used in nitrocellulose lacquers polyethylene glycol and its monostearate are compatible with cellulose nitrate. Dibutyl maleate is compatible with polyvinyl acetate, and di- -hexyl adipate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate or dibutyl sebacate can be used in polyvinyl butyral. Benzoates are recommended for... 

Sealants and caulks based on vinyl acetate homo- and copolymers have been on the market since the late 1950s. Use of these lower-performance materials has been mostly in residential areas—bathtub caulking, wall tile joints, wallboard joints, etc. Latex caulks based on polyvinyl acetate plasticized with dibutyl phthalate, or on one of the newer vinyl acetate-acrylic emulsion copolymers, have the same ease of application as the acrylic emulsion caulks but are less flexible, harden on aging, and have inferior exterior durability. ... 

Intractable polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), may be flexibilized, to some extent, by the formation of copolymers, such as the copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate or octyl acrylate, or by the addition of nonvolatile low-molecular-weight compounds (plasticizers) having solubility parameters similar to those of the polymer. Thus PVC is plasticized by the addition of dioctyl phthalate. The flexibility of these products is proportional to the amount of plasticizer added. Copolymers, such as the vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, require less plasticizer to obtain the same degree of flexibility. 

Ethyl alcohol has been made by the hydration of ethylene (9) since 1930. Like isopropyl alcohol, part of the output is used as a solvent, but most is converted to other oxygenated chemicals. Its most important raw material use is conversion to acetaldehyde by catalytic air oxidation. Acetaldehyde, in turn, is the raw material source of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, pentaerythritol, synthetic n-butyl alcohol (via aldol condensation), butyraldehyde, and other products. Butyraldehyde is the source of butyric acid, polyvinyl butyral resin, and 2-ethylhexanol (octyl alcohol). The last-named eight-carbon alcohol is based on the aldol condensation of butyraldehyde and is used to make the important plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. A few examples of the important reactions of acetaldehyde are as follows ... 

Phosphites. The phosphates, second only to phthalates in production volume, are favored for flame resistance and low volatility. Tricresyl phosphate (mixed meta and para isomers) is the most popular it is used in polyvinyl chloride and in nitrocellulose lacquers. Resins plasticized with tricresyl phosphate are deficient in low-temperature flexibility. Diphenyl cresyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate are other examples, the former for polyvinyl chloride, the latter for cellulose acetate. Diphenyl-2-ethylhexylphosphate is preferred to tricresyl phosphate in polyvinyl chloride where its low toxicity and improved low-temperature flexibility are required. Tn(2-elliylliexyl)-phosphale is outstanding among phosphates used in polyvinyl chloride with respect to low-temperature flexibility in flame- and oil resistance, however, it is inferior to tricresyl phosphate. Tri(butoxvethyl)phosphate finds some use in synthetic rubber. 

The chief commercial uses of these substances are as solvents and as plasticizers of synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride and cellulose acetate. Some of the lower aliphatic phthalates are used in the manufacture of varnishes, dopes, and insecticides. 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) isophthalate (dioctyl iso-phthalate, DIOP) n. A primary plasticizer for PVC, most notable for low volatility and its resistance to marring by nitrocellulose lacquers, in addition to good general-purpose properties. It is also compatible with polyvinyl butyral, vinyl chloride-acetate copolymers, cellulosic resins, polystyrene, and chlorinated rubber. 

The phthalate esters may be used as plasticizers in virtually all applications. Dimethyl and diethyl phthalates are standard plasticizers for cellulose acetate. Dibutyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, and diphenyl phthalate are widely used in cellulose nitrate. Dioctyl phthalate is the most widely used plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 

Mainly used in polyvinyl chloride, chloroethylene copolymer, nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, and synthetic rubber. It is especially suitable material for making cold-resistant cables, leatherette, thin film, and sheet materials. Dioctyl sebacate is often used in combinatirai with acetate o-phthalate plasticizer and can also be used as a plasticizing agent in producing many kinds of S5fnthetic rubbers. 

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