Acetate Phthalate

JP Cellulose acetate phthalate PhEur Cellulosi acetas phthalas USPNF Cellacefate 

Acetyl phthalyl cellulose Aquacoat cPD CAP cellacephate cellulose acetate benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate cellulose acetate hydrogen 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate cellulose acetate monophthalate cellulose aceto-phthalate cellulose acetylphthalate. 

Therapeutically, cellulose acetate phthalate has recently been reported to exhibit experimental microbicidal activity against sexually transmitted disease pathogens, such as the HIV-1 retrovirus. 

Cellulose acetate phthalate is a cellulose in which about half the hydroxyl groups are acetylated, and about a quarter are esterified with one of two acid groups being phthalic acid, where the remaining acid group is free. See Section 5. 

Cellulose acetate phthalate is a hygroscopic, white to off-white, free-flowing powder, granule, or flake. It is tasteless and odorless, or might have a slight odor of acetic acid. 

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Mixed cellulose esters containing the dicarboxylate moiety, eg, cellulose acetate phthalate, have commercially useful properties such as alkaline solubihty and excellent film-forming characteristics. These esters can be prepared by the reaction of hydrolyzed cellulose acetate with a dicarboxyhc anhydride in a pyridine or, preferably, an acetic acid solvent with sodium acetate catalyst. Cellulose acetate phthalate [9004-38-0] for pharmaceutical and photographic uses is produced commercially via the acetic acid—sodium acetate method. 

Mixed esters containing the dicarboxylate moiety, eg, cellulose acetate phthalate, are usually prepared from the partially hydroly2ed lower aUphatic acid ester of cellulose in acetic acid solvent by using the corresponding dicarboxyhc acid anhydride and a basic catalyst such as sodium acetate (41,42). Cellulose acetate succinate and cellulose acetate butyrate succinate are manufactured by similar methods as described in reference 43. 

The most commonly used polymers are cellulose acetate phthalate [9004-38-0] (CAP), poly(vinyl acetate phthalate) [34481-48-6] (PVAP), hydroxypropylmethyl-ceUulosephthalate [71138-97-1] (HPMCP), and polymethacrylates (111) (see Cellulose esters). Acrylate copolymers are also available (112). Eigure 11 shows the dissolution behavior of some commercially available enteric materials. Some manufacturers supply grades designed to dissolve at specific pH values with increments as small as 0.5 pH unit (113). 

Exposure Limits. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1990 Hsts a multitude of acetates, phthalates, formates, and acrylates along with the corresponding permissible exposure limits and threshold limit values (76). The PEL data is Hsted in Table 2. If there is potential for exposure to an organic ester for which PEL or TLV data has been identified, then an exposure limit lower than that Hsted is usually selected for working in that environment. 

Metal Coating Alcohols, Cellosolve Acetate, Phthalates, Solvesso... 

Carboxymcthyl cellulose Cellulose acetate phthalate Cellulose Dextrin... 

In the past, the initial layers of coating (the sealing coat) were achieved by applying one or two coats of shellac. However, due to the variability between batches of this material, PVP-stabilized types of shellac or other polymeric materials, such as cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and poly(vinyl acetate phthalate) (PVAP), are now more popular. It should be appreciated that a fine balance must exist between minimizing the thickness of the sealing coat and providing an adequate moisture barrier. 

Polyvinyl acetate phthalate PVAP As above, if pH > 5.0 Dissolves along whole length of duodenum... 

Benzoic acid cellulose acetate phthalate chlorpropamide ibuprofen indomethacin nicotinic acid oxyphenbutazone phosphoric acid phenylbutazone and salicylic acid. 

Some of the exchanged resins were coated with cellulose acetate butyrate or cellulose acetate phthalate. The results showed relaxation rate enhancement in 25% water suspensions containing 2% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a surfactant. The relaxivities, however, were rather low. It should be noted, however, that the measurements were made at high field, 300 MHz, where the relaxivity enhancements are always smaller. 

Are coated with keratin, cellulose acetate phthalate, which do not dissolve in the stomach and only dissolve in alkaline juice of the intestine where the drug is liberated e.g. tab. erythromycin. 

Ketoprofen (SIMS), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose E5 (HPMC, t =2%, 5mPas, Dow Chemical), glyceryl monostearate (Precirol, Gattefosse), Eudragit E 30 D (Rhom Pharma), Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400, Merck) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP, Ambrochim) were used directly without any prior purification. 

Aquatic aqueous enteric coating (cellulose acetate phthalate, distilled acetylated monoglycerides, and poloxamer 188) Film coating for tablets and capsules Repeat-dose toxicity with routine end points (90 days—diet rat), reproduction toxicity (embryo-fetal study in rat) and genotoxicity (2 in vitro and 1 in vivo studies) No adverse toxicity, reprotoxicity, or genotoxicity 31, 32... 

Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) dissolves at pH higher than 6 and is soluble in ketones, ethers, esters, and alcohols. Permeation of water vapor and gastric fluids is a concern but can be overcome by adding other materials such as shellac. Plasticizers that are used with CAP include diethyl phthalate, triacetin, tributyl citrate, and acetylated monoglyceride. 

Plant — Arabic gum — Tragacanth gum — Karaya gum — Ghatti gum Cellulose derivatives — Carboxymethylcellulose — Methylcellulose — Hydroxyethylcellulose — Cellulose acetate phthalate... 

Cellulose acetate phthalate Coating agent Polyethylene glycol 400, 3350 Vehicle... 

Cellulose acetate phthalate Dextrin-2-sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate Lactobacillus crispatus Polystyrene sulfonate Polyherbal extracts Naphthalene sulfonate polymer C31G... 

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