Butyl Phthalate

The commercial form of Cartesian manostat, model 7A, is depicted in Fig. II, 23, 7 it is normally charged with mercury except for very low pressures when di-w-butyl phthalate is employed. The manostat is highly sensitive in its action furthermore, once the pressure has been set in the instrument, the system may be shut down without disturbing the setting. 

Successful results have been obtained (Renfrew and Chaney, 1946) with ethyl formate methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec.-butyl and iso-amyl acetat ethyleneglycol diacetate ethyl monochloro- and trichloro-acetates methyl, n-propyl, n-octyl and n-dodecyl propionates ethyl butyrate n-butyl and n-amyl valerates ethyl laurate ethyl lactate ethyl acetoacetate diethyl carbonate dimethyl and diethyl oxalates diethyl malonate diethyl adipate di-n-butyl tartrate ethyl phenylacetate methyl and ethyl benzoates methyl and ethyl salicylates diethyl and di-n-butyl phthalates. The method fails for vinyl acetate, ieri.-butyl acetate, n-octadecyl propionate, ethyl and >i-butyl stearate, phenyl, benzyl- and guaicol-acetate, methyl and ethyl cinnamate, diethyl sulphate and ethyl p-aminobenzoate. 

Patents have appeared (33,34) which show formulations containing PMMA emulsion polymer and PMMA suspension polymer combined with benzyl butyl phthalate and octyl benzyl phthalate. It is likely that polymers of this type will require highly polar plasticizers in order to have both adequate compatibiHty and adequate gelation. When replacing PVC appHcations the use of large quantities of phosphate plasticizers is sometimes required to give equivalent fire performance. 

Benzyl Chloride. Benzyl chloride is manufactured by high temperature free-radical chlorination of toluene. The yield of benzyl chloride is maximized by use of excess toluene in the feed. More than half of the benzyl chloride produced is converted by butyl benzyl phthalate by reaction with monosodium butyl phthalate. The remainder is hydrolyzed to benzyl alcohol, which is converted to ahphatic esters for use in soaps, perfume, and davors. Benzyl salicylate is used as a sunscreen in lotions and creams. By-product benzal chloride can be converted to benzaldehyde, which is also produced directiy by oxidation of toluene and as a by-product during formation of benzoic acid. By-product ben zotrichl oride is not hydrolyzed to make benzoic acid but is allowed to react with benzoic acid to yield benzoyl chloride. 

Nearly all of the benzyl chloride [100-44-7], henzal chloride [98-87-3], and hen zotrichl oride /P< -(97-i manufactured is converted to other chemical intermediates or products by reactions involving the chlorine substituents of the side chain. Each of the compounds has a single primary use that consumes a large portion of the compound produced. Benzyl chloride is utilized in the manufacture of benzyl butyl phthalate, a vinyl resin plasticizer benzal chloride is hydrolyzed to benzaldehyde hen zotrichl oride is converted to benzoyl chloride. Benzyl chloride is also hydrolyzed to benzyl alcohol, which is used in the photographic industry, in perfumes (as esters), and in peptide synthesis by conversion to benzyl chloroformate [501-53-1] (see Benzyl ALCOHOL AND p-PHENETHYL ALCOHOL CARBONIC AND CARBONOCm ORIDIC ESTERS). 

Benzyl chloride and butyl alcohol react with phthaUc anhydride in one step to yield benzyl butyl phthalate [85-68-7] a plasticizer made by Monsanto... 

Nearly all uses and appHcations of benzyl chloride are related to reactions of the active haUde substituent. More than two-thirds of benzyl chloride produced is used in the manufacture of benzyl butyl-phthalate, a plasticizer used extensively in vinyl flooring and other flexible poly(vinyl chloride) uses such as food packaging. Other significant uses are the manufacture of benzyl alcohol [100-51-6] and of benzyl chloride-derived quaternary ammonium compounds, each of which consumes more than 10% of the benzyl chloride produced. Smaller volume uses include the manufacture of benzyl cyanide [140-29-4], benzyl esters such as benzyl acetate [140-11-4], butyrate, cinnamate, and saUcylate, benzylamine [100-46-9], and benzyl dimethyl amine [103-83-8], and -benzylphenol [101-53-1]. In the dye industry benzyl chloride is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of triphenylmethane dyes (qv). First generation derivatives of benzyl chloride are processed further to pharmaceutical, perfume, and flavor products. 

Similar studies have been performed on the formation of mono -butyl phthalate at 80—150°C with sulfuric acid catalyst (31). The reaction of phthahc anhydride with mono -butyl phthalate to afford di -butyl phthalate is complete ia 10 min at 100°C with 1 wt % catalyst. 

Alkylphenols, ammonia, asbestos, chlorinated paraffins, 4-chloroaniline, cyanide, detergents, di- -butyl phthalate, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs e.g. anthracene, benzopyrene, methylcholanthrene, /i-naphthoflavone), nitrate, nitrite, petroleum oil, phenol, pentachlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol, dinitro-o-cresol, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs especially coplanar), polychlorinated dioxins, polybrominated naphthalenes, /i-sitosterol, sulfide, thiourea, urea, acid water, coal dust... 

Di-/i-butyl phthalate ERall4,115 Agonist Effeets on androgen... 

Butyl phthalate [84-74-2] M 278.4, f -35 , b 340 /760mm, d 1.043. Freed from alcohol by washing with H2O, or from acids and butyl hydrogen phthalate by washing with dilute NaOH. Distd at lOtorr or less. (See also p. 195.)... 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Butyl Phthalate DBF Phthalic Acid, Dibutyl Ester RC Plasticizer DBF Witcizer 300 Chemical Formula 0-CjH4[C00(CH2)3CH3]2. 

Lehmann, K.P., Phillips, S., and Sar, M. et al. (2004). Dose-dependent alterations in gene expression and testosterone synthesis in the fetal testes of male rats exposed to di (n-butyl) phthalate. Toxicological Sciences 81, 60-68. 

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