Misuse

Misuse refers to inappropriate operation of a HIT system albeit within the product s intended purpose. Misuse exists on a spectrum  

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Relational model ease of use without in-dcpih knowledge high degree of data independence SQl capability less cflicicnt lhan other miodels integrity problems possible to misuse... 

Hirsch, R. F. Analysis of Variance in Analytical Chemistry, Anal. Chem., 49 691A (1977). Jaffe, A. J., and H. F. Spirer, Misused Statistics—Straight Talk for Twisted Numbers, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987. 

The following cautions should be observed Do not destroy or remove inhibitor. Do not contaminate with alkaline or strongly acidic materials. Do not store in the presence of a water layer. In the event of spillage or misuse that cause a release of product vapor to the atmosphere, thoroughly ventilate the area, especially near floor levels where vapors will collect. 

Fluoroacetamide. Fluoroacetamide [640-19-7], FCH2CONH2, is a white water-soluble soHd having mp 108°C (14). It has been used as a rodenticide and has been reported to have a better acceptability to rats than sodium fluoroacetate (29). However, like the latter compound, its misuse has caused deaths to farm animals and pets (20). 

The threat of accidental misuse of quaternary ammonium compounds coupled with potential harmful effects to sensitive species of fish and invertebrates has prompted some concern. Industry has responded with an effort to replace the questionable compounds with those of a more environmentally friendly nature. Newer classes of quaternaries, eg, esters (206) and betaine esters (207), have been developed. These materials are more readily biodegraded. The mechanisms of antimicrobial activity and hydrolysis of these compounds have been studied (207). AppHcations as surface disinfectants, antimicrobials, and in vitro microbiocidals have also been reported. Examples of ester-type quaternaries are shown in Figure 1. 

Marks registered only under prior trademark acts are subject to cancellation proceedings at any time at the initiative of someone who claims damage or potential damage by the registration of the mark. Certification marks can be similarly canceled if the owner fails to exercise control over their use or misuses them (8). 

Under conditions of normal use, detergent products are not lia2ardous to users. Nonetheless, surfactants possess some toxicity, and they are mild irritants. Particularly under conditions of misuse, such as accidental ingestion or spillage, they can produce irritation and discomfort in the form of nausea and vomiting, as well as irritation to skin and eyes. The long-term effects, however, are minimal (134). 

The terms gross annual profit Agp and net annual profit Avp are commonly used by accountants and misused by others. Normally, both Agp and A vp are calculated before tax is deducted. Gross annual profit Agp is given by... 

Working Capital The amount and disposition of working capital and the efriciency of its use determine the immediate prospec ts for future growth in a company. The bulk of managerial effort in a company is directly or indirectly concerned with the manipulation of working capital. Insufficient or misused working capital is the commonest cause of business failure. 

Measurement Selection The identification of which measurements to make is an often overlooked aspect of plant-performance analysis. The end use of the data interpretation must be understood (i.e., the purpose for which the data, the parameters, or the resultant model will be used). For example, building a mathematical model of the process to explore other regions of operation is an end use. Another is to use the data to troubleshoot an operating problem. The level of data accuracy, the amount of data, and the sophistication of the interpretation depends upon the accuracy with which the result of the analysis needs to oe known. Daily measurements to a great extent and special plant measurements to a lesser extent are rarelv planned with the end use in mind. The result is typically too little data of too low accuracy or an inordinate amount with the resultant misuse in resources. 

Any set of guidelines must be tempered by the analysts experience. This is an investigative process. The explanations are rarely simple. However, many exhaustive tests have been run to identify that a bypass valve or alternative feed valve had been mistakenly left open. Plant resources were misused because the simple was overlooked ... 

It is sincerely hoped that the information presented in this document will lead to an even more impressive record for the entire industry however, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, its consultants, CCPS Subcommittee members, their employers, their employers officers and directors, and Arthur D. Little, Inc., disclaim making or giving any warranties or representations, express or implied, including with respect to fitness, intended purpose, use or merchantability and/or correctness or accuracy of the content of the information presented in this document. As between (1) American Institute of Chemical Engineers, its consultants, CCPS Subcommittee members, their employers, their employers officers and directors, and Arthur D. Little, Inc., and (2) the user of this document, the user accepts any legal liability or responsibility whatsoever for the consequence of its use or misuse. 

In the past, qualitative approaches for hazard evaluation and risk analysis have been able to satisfy the majority of decision makers needs. In the future, there will be an increasing motivation to use QRA. For the special situations that appear to demand quantitative support for safety-related decisions, QRA can be effective in increasing the manager s understanding of the level of risk associated with a company activity. Whenever possible, decision makers should design QRA studies to produce relative results that support their information requirements. QRA studies used in this way are not subject to nearly as many of the numbers problems and limitations to which absolute risk studies are subject, and the results are less likely to be misused. 

That for polymers is different again. When polymers first became available to the engineer, it was common to find them misused. A "cheap plastic" product was one which, more than likely, would break the first time you picked it up. Almost always this happened because the designer used a polymer to replace a metal component, without redesign to allow for the totally different properties of the polymer. Briefly, there are three ... 

Some failures are eaused by human related events sueh as installation, operation or maintenanee errors rather than by any intrinsie property of the eomponents (Klit et al., 1993). A number of meehanieal systems require operation by a human, who thereby beeomes an integral part of the system and has a signifieant effeet on the reliability (Smith, 1976). Consumer produets are notorious for the ways in whieh the eonsumer ean and will misuse the produet. It therefore beeomes important to make a reasonable determination of the likely loading eonditions assoeiated with the different users of the produet in serviee (Cruse, 1997b). 

Klit, P., Jensen, F. and Ellevang, P. 1993 Reliable Design Methodology - the use and misuse of reliability data in the design process. In Proceedings ICED 93, The Hague, 1156-1164. 

How might they be involved (e.g. through misuse, spillage) ... 

Misuse of the pump, e.g. incomplete stroke or wrong number of strokes. 

The Employment Medical Advisory Service and you Eires and Explosions due to the misuse of oxygen... 

Contained use of genetically modified organisms Drug misuse at work - A guide for employers Dangerous substances on site notification and warning signs Solvents and you... 

It is most important that TLV data be correctly used. Misuse can occur when uninformed individuals view these levels as magic numbers, below which workers are... 

Heavy-walled drums once used for lead antiknock chemicals have been used for water storage or as barbecue pits, with subsequent risk to the user from residual toxic material. Equipment from the industry cited has for many years been cleaned, cut up, and sent under supervision to steel mills for recycle to eliminate the possible misuse of scrapped containers. 

Some utilities experienced a PSA, submitted to the NRC, being misused to identify apparent safety problems. However the PSA also provided the defense with no adverse impacts. 

Using equipment that can tolerate a degree of misuse. Thus, fixed pipework is safer than hoses (see Section 7.1.6), and fixed pipework with expansion loops is safer than expansion joints (bellows). 

The rise and possible misuse of the MESG criterion for selecdng flame arresters were discussed by Britton (2000a). Elis conclnsions were as follows ... 

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