Sohd solubility

Fig. 26. Isothermal section of Al—Cu—Li system at 350 °C (adapted from ref. 43) a, isothermal section b, limits of soHd solubility for a-phase. SoHd lines...

The hexahydrate of aluminum chloride is a deUquescent, crystalline soHd soluble in water and alcohol and usually made by dissolving aluminum hydroxide [21645-51 -2] A1(0H)2, ia concentrated hydrochloric acid. When the acid is depleted, the solution is cooled to 0 °C and gaseous hydrogen chloride is introduced. Crystalline aluminum chloride hexahydrate, AIQ 6H20, is precipitated, filtered from the Hquor, washed with ethyl ether, and dried. 

Titanium Phosphates. Titanium(III) phosphate [24704-65-2] (titanous phosphate) is a purple soHd, soluble ia dilute acid, giving relatively stable solutions. It can be prepared by adding a soluble phosphate to titanous chloride or sulfate solution and raising the pH until precipitation occurs. 

Sohd solubility in rare earth oxide systems has been studied extensively. There is no doubt of complete solubility, often called isomorphous replacement between oxide phases of the same symmetry as in mixtures of Pr02 and Ce02 or in the sesquioxides of one type. In these cases Vegards law appears to hold precisely (40). 

Properties White, granular sohd. Soluble in mixtures of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing alcohol soluble in water. Combustible. 

Properties White sohd. Soluble in water shghtly soluble in alcohol. 

Edw] Induction melting, light microscopy, XRD Sohd solubility M02C in (aFe) at 1250°C... 

The region-1 represents crystallization from drug-rich phase, region-II represents that from miscible ASD portion and region-111 represents the absence of crystallization signal due to the amorphous fraction retained below sohd solubility. (Adapted from Calahan et al. 2013)... 

Methods of topological schemes for flrrid and complete phase diagrams derivation and main features of phase behavior at sub- and supercritical conditiorrs for ternary systems are discussed later in the chapter. The available experimental data are used to demorrstrate some regularity of sohd solubility, hquid immiscibility and critical behavior in ternary mixtures. 

Silver cyanate is a white sohd, soluble in water to the extent of 0.5 mM at 22 °C, readily soluble inNH3. 

Binary Ag alloys are used extensively in the manufacture of thick film hybrids and electronic components. The most commonly used alloy is Ag-Pd. As illustrated in Fig. 8.3, Ag and Pd exhibit complete sohd solubility. These two metals can be prealloyed prior to preparation of the formulation or can be added as two distinct metallic components which alloy during the ensuing firing cycle. X-ray diffraction analysis " can be utilized to determine whether one has a true alloy prior to firing. Similarly, this technique can be utilized to determine if complete sohd solutions have been formed during the firing cycle. 

The Ga203-poor portion of the system, where the ternary compound was observed, was of great interest because a Ga203-poor phase was frequently crystaUized in the continuously cooled samples as wiU be described in Section 15.3.6. DiHerent from the previous report where the soHd solubility of Lai4 Sig O39 was not mentioned... 

Impurity atoms can form solid solutions in ceramic materials much as they do in metals. Solid solutions of both substitutional and interstitial types are possible. For an interstitial, the ionic radius of the impurity must be relatively small in comparison to the anion. Because there are both anions and cations, a substitutional impurity substitutes for the host ion to which it is most similar in an electrical sense If the impurity atom normally forms a cation in a ceramic material, it most probably will substitute for a host cation. For example, in sodium chloride, impurity Ca and ions would most likely substitute for Na and Cl ions, respectively. Schematic representations for cation and anion substitutional as well as interstitial impurities are shown in Figure 12.21. To achieve any appreciable sohd solubility of substituting impmity atoms, the ionic size and charge must be very nearly the same as those of one of the host ions. For an impurity ion having a charge different from that of the host ion for which it substitutes, the crystal must compensate for this difference in charge so that electroneutrality is maintained with the solid. One way this is accomplished is by the formation of lattice defects—vacancies or interstitials of both ion types, as discussed previously. 

The Al-C binary is accepted from [2004Per]. Both hquid and sohd solubilities of C in (Al) are very limited and the only reported compound in this system is AI4C3. The Al-Fe binary is accepted from [2006MSIT1]. The C-Fe binary is adopted from [2006MSIT2]. Since Al is a graphite stabilizer the stable form (graphite) of the C-Fe diagram is accepted here. 

The sohd solubility of C in Al-Fe ferrite has been measured by [1966Jael]. Whose results, in the temperature range of 548 to 723°C and up to 2.1 mass% Al, can be deseribed by die empirieal equation ... 

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