Accidents misuse

The early nineteenth century saw the beginning of factory production systems, particularly in the cotton mills of Lancashire and woolen mills in Yorkshire. Accidents arising from the use or misuse of steam plant, particularly boilers, became common and led not only to damage and destruction to property but also to death and bodily injury to persons in or about the scene of the explosions. 

In the event of accident or gross misuse of products, various health hazards could arise. The data provided by the supplier should outline these potential hazards and the simple precautions that can be taken to minimize them. Guidance should be included on the remedial action that should be taken to deal with medical conditions that might arise. Advice should be obtained from the supplier before petroleum products are used in any way other than as directed. 

More important, however, is to consider the contributions—good and bad—which explosives have made to the history of mankind. Any real assessment of this must show that the benefits which explosives have produced far outweigh their misuse in military pursuits. The explosives technologist, who has usually seen and perhaps even experienced the effects of explosives, is the last to want war or to want his products to be used for warlike purposes. It is no accident that Nobel, who founded the modern explosives industry, also founded the Peace Prize associated with his name. In this book the writer has followed his instincts and given pride of place to commercial, beneficial applications of explosives. 

There exist real possibilities for the misuse of these chemicals like wrong stockpiling, leaking or accidents. 

There are many different kinds of toxicants. Chemicals that are used for industrial and household purposes can be poison when misused or when there is an accident. Agricultural pesticides in the field can also cause poisoning. Chemicals might come in the form of conventional drugs which we use in a legitimate way, or in the form of designer drugs used illicitly for recreational substance abuse. Natural toxins found in the environment, such as mushrooms, plant toxins, snake/insect toxins and marine toxins, can also inadvertently harm a patient. 

The plaintiff argued that the Beretta pistol was defective in design because it did not have an indicator that would show when there was a round in the firing chamber. They also said the gun should have a lock to prevent an unauthorized person from using it. Beretta, they argued, should have foreseen that their product was liable to be misused in a way that could lead to tragic accidents. 

Michael Jackson, one of the world s most popular singers and performers, who died in 2009 from misuse of a powerful anesthetic to help him sleep. Jackson had a history of abuse of prescription painkillers, caused initially by injuries sustained during a rehearsal accident that set his hair on fire. The inappropriate use of propofol, the drug that killed him, has led authorities to charge Jackson s personal physician with manslaughter. 

The gains for society of improved chemicals control may be substantial, though not easy to quantify in monetary terms. They include, for example, reduced costs for health care as a result of fewer accidents with chemicals, fewer acute health effects caused by poisonings, skin corrosion or bums, reduced risk for chronic effects such as allergies, cancer, etc. Furthermore, improved chemicals control will lead to a reduction of costs for remediation of environmental damage and of other costs following from emissions, e.g. water and soil pollution due to accidents or misuse of chemicals. 

Crossley A. Temperature pyomyositis in an injecting drug misuser. A difficult diagnosis in a difficult patient. J Accid Emerg Med 2003 20 299-300. 

Hoses are essential within chemical plants. They are often necessary to purge vessels to wash vessels and to load and unload trucks, rail cars, barges, and ships. Hoses help to compensate for unavailable equipment, to prepare for maintenance, to safety-vent systems, and similar tasks. When hoses are misused, many unpleasant things can occur— including some of the world s worst chemical plant accidents. 

Radiological incidents and emergencies are any such events involving exposure of patients and/or emergency workers to radiation or radioactivity. A radiological incident is any instance in which people or the environment are exposed to radiation or radioactivity through accident or misuse (including deliberate misuse). A radio-... 

In conclusion, this is the poison paradox chemicals have useful and beneficial effects but under different conditions the same chemicals can be harmful. Some chemicals can cure our ailments, improve our mood, or make our food taste better others can be used to make valuable products such as brightly coloured paints, parts of computers, or cars, and many kinds of plastic or flame-resistant clothes. There is a multitude of ways in which chemicals enrich our society, yet at the same time, if they are misused or used without respect, they can be hazardous. When a person takes or is given a dose of a drug that is too high, or is exposed to a concentration of a chemical that is too high (say in an industrial accident), adverse consequences inevitably foUow. As Paracelsus commented centuries ago All substances are poisons there is none that is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy ... 

Based on an analysis of construction-related accidents in Kuwait city during 1996-2007, Al-Humaidi and Tan (2010) found that falls are the major type of accident (33 %) followed by being crushed or struck by a falling object (25 %), and then by use or misuse of tools (18%). Furthermore, these authors reported that almost 83 % of the victims of constmetion accidents in Kuwait sustain permanent disabilities. For United Arab Emirates (UAE), 51 % of the occupational injuries are due to falls, 15 % are due to falling objects, 11 % are due to powered machines, and 6% are due to bitms (Barss et al. 2009). 

The desire to predict the future often leads to collecting a large amount of information based on the hope that something useful will be obtained and noticed. The NASA Space Shuttle program was collecting six hundred metrics a month before the loss of Columbia. Companies often collect data on occupational safety, such as days without a lost time accident, and they assume that these data reflect on system safety [17], which of course it does not. Not only is this misuse of data potentially misleading, but collecting information that may not be indicative of real risk diverts limited resources and attention from more effective risk-reduction efforts. 

The use of Hft trucks requires particular care. Truck drivers should attend appropriate training courses and be formally licensed. Many accidents with trucks are caused by misuse, e.g. allowing persons to ride on the truck, using the forks as a means of access to heights without adequate protection and driving... 

Regulations to prevent accidents and injuries resulting from the misuse of alcohol or the use of controlled substances by drivers of commercial motor vehicles. 

It is apt at this stage to redefine the modem safety management terms and definitions used in this book. There still exists confusion in the safety industry concerning the words accident and incident. The term incident is so widely used and misused that the term near miss has almost become obscure. Because near-miss incident recording is one of the main elements in a world s best practice (i.e., meeting the highest international safety standards) SMS, it s important that it be redefined and renamed so that its important identity can be maintained and recognized. 

The regulatory body should specify the conditions under which such consumer products may be made available to members of the pubhc, who, for reasons of practicability, cannot be subject to regulatory control and so need to be exempted from regulatory control. The regulatory body is also required to exercise control over the supply of consumer products by requiring manufacturers to be authorized to supply such products to the public (Ref. [2], para. III.14.(c)). Authorization should be based on a prior assessment of the individual and collective doses that may be received to determine whether the criteria for exemption are likely to be met. Account should be taken of normal use, misuse and accidents and of likely methods of disposal. 

The choice of scenarios should be such as to cover all the reasonably likely exposure pathways and exposure situations that arise with the consumer product. Situations of potential exposure, such as accidents and misuse, should be considered to assess whether the product is inherently safe. Conditions of both actual exposures and potential exposures should therefore be covered the... 

The HSE inspectors have powers to investigate accidents to shore-based workers. Accidents to seamen or to ships would be investigated by MAIB. The lead responsibility would be allocated on a case-by-case basis on the same criteria as for the division of responsibilities between HSE and MCA. Where misuse of land-based equipment temporarily mounted on a vessel affected its safety, a joint investigation might be necessary. 

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