Fluoroacetate sodium

During our experiments on the toxicity of sodium fluoroacetate, feeding experiments were carried out on rats and its possible use as a rodenticide was recorded. Similar observations, not surprisingly, have been made elsewhere. The dangers attaching to the use of sodium fluoroacetate as a rodenticide cannot be overemphasized owing to the stability of the compound. 

It is worth recording in some detail some of the findings of W. A. L. David on the use of sodium fluoroacetate both as a 

In culture solutions complete kills of aphids were obtained on plants supplied with 100 c.c. of 0-00005 per cent w/v solution, or 0 005 mg./g. of plant. 

It appears that sodium fiuoroacetate is more toxic than O.M.P.A. towards A. fabae. 

It should be stressed that we are not yet aware of all the hazards in connexion with the use of sodium fiuoroacetate, or indeed of any compounds containing the FCHgCO group, as insecticides. 

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Sodium fluoroacetate, which is not volatile and not irritating to the skin, is used as a rodenticide. It is made from CH2ClC02Et and KF, which react to give ethyl fluoroacetate, which is then hydrolysed with NaOH in methyl alcohol. 

Chloroacetate esters are usually made by removing water from a mixture of chloroacetic acid and the corresponding alcohol. Reaction of alcohol with chloroacetyl chloride is an anhydrous process which Hberates HCl. Chloroacetic acid will react with olefins in the presence of a catalyst to yield chloroacetate esters. Dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acid esters are also known. These esters are usehil in synthesis. They are more reactive than the parent acids. Ethyl chloroacetate can be converted to sodium fluoroacetate by reaction with potassium fluoride (see Fluorine compounds, organic). Both methyl and ethyl chloroacetate are used as agricultural and pharmaceutical intermediates, specialty solvents, flavors, and fragrances. Methyl chloroacetate and P ionone undergo a Dar2ens reaction to form an intermediate in the synthesis of Vitamin A. Reaction of methyl chloroacetate with ammonia produces chloroacetamide [79-07-2] C2H ClNO (53). 

Sodium Fluoroacetate. Sodium fluoroacetate [62-74-8] FCH2COONa, known as Compound 1080, is a hygroscopic white soHd, mp,... 

Toxicity. Sodium fluoroacetate is one of the most effective all-purpose rodenticides known (18). It is highly toxic to all species of rats tested and can be used either in water solution or in bait preparations. Its absence of objectionable taste and odor and its delayed effects lead to its excellent acceptance by rodents. It is nonvolatile, chemically stable, and not toxic or irritating to the unbroken skin of workers. Rats do not appear to develop any significant tolerance to this compound from nonlethal doses. However, it is extremely dangerous to humans, to common household pets, and to farm animals, and should only be used by experienced personnel. The rodent carcasses should be collected and destroyed since they remain poisonous for a long period of time to any animal that eats them. 

Fluoroacetamide. Fluoroacetamide [640-19-7], FCH2CONH2, is a white water-soluble soHd having mp 108°C (14). It has been used as a rodenticide and has been reported to have a better acceptability to rats than sodium fluoroacetate (29). However, like the latter compound, its misuse has caused deaths to farm animals and pets (20). 

TuU Chemical Co. (Oxford, Alabama) is the only producer of sodium fluoroacetate. It is sometimes colored with the black dye nigrosine. It is usually packed in 8 oz (227 g) or 5 kg cans and is almost exclusively exported. There is very limited use in the United States. 

Sodium fluoroacetate (mono) [62-74-8] M 100.0, m 200-205 (dec). A free flowing white TOXIC powder which is purified by dissolving in ca 4 parts of H2O and the pH is checked. If it is alkaline, add a few drops of FCH2CO2H to make the solution just acidic. Evaporate (fumehood) on a steam bath until crystals start to separate, cool and filter the solid off. More solid can be obtained by adding EtOH to the filtrate. Dry at 100 in vacuum. [7 Chem Soc 1778 1948.]... 

Zineb Rodenticides Sodium Fluoroacetate Strychnine Thallium Sulphate Warfarin 5200 0.05 SK 0.15 0.1 as Tl, SK 0.1... 

Sodium 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyethyl sulphate, see Sesone Sodium fluoroacetate SK -... 

Silver, metal and soluble compounds (as Ag) Sodium fluoroacetate F (0.8 pm MCEF)... 

Alternate names 1080 Compound 1080 fratol monosodium fluoroacetate sodium fluoacetate sodium fluoroacetate ten-eighty... 

Allender, WJ. 1990. Determination of sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) in biological tissues. Jour. Anal. Toxicol. 14 45-49. 

Byrd, G.V., G.T. McClellan, and J.P. Fuller. 1988. To Determine the Efficacy and Environmental Hazards of Compound 1080 (Sodium Fluoroacetate) as a Control Agent for Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) on Kiska Island, Aleutians Islands Unit — Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AIU-AMNWR) (Field Investigations). Unpublished final progress report by AIU-AMNWR. 22 pp. 

Connolly, G. 1989. Technical Bulletin for the Sodium Fluoroacetate (Compound 1080) Livestock Protection Collar. U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Animal Damage Control, Denver Wildl. Res. Center, Denver, CO. 25 pp. 

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