Drug abuse misuse

Klein E, Uhde TW, Post RM Preliminary evidence for the utility of carbamazepine in alprazolam withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry 143 235—236, 1986 Kouyanou K, Pither CE, Wessely S Medication misuse, abuse and dependence in chronic pain patients. J Psychosom Res 43 497-304, 1997 Kryspin-Exner K [Misuse of bezodiazepine derivatives in alcoholics] (German). Br J Addict Alcohol Other Drugs 61 283-290, 1966 Kryspin-Exner K, Demel 1 The use of tranquilizers in the treatment of mixed drug abuse. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 12 13-18, 1973... 

Physical and psychological dependence Buspirone has shown no potential for abuse or diversion and there is no evidence that it causes tolerance or physical or psychological dependence. However, carefully evaluate patients for a history of drug abuse and follow such patients closely, observing them for signs of misuse or abuse (eg, tolerance, drug-seeking behavior). 

Drug abuse and dependence Carefully evaluate patients for history of drug abuse and follow such patients closely, observing them for signs of misuse or abuse of venlafaxine. 

Hughes GF, McElnay JC, Hughes CM McKenna P (1999). Abuse/misuse of nonprescription drugs. Pharmacy World and Science, 21, 251-5... 

Because BZDs can cause excessive sedation and misuse, especially in drug-abusing HIV-infected patients, buspirone may be a useful alternative. Batki ( 496) reported on the use of this agent in 17 opiate abusers with AIDS or ARC who were also taking methadone. In the 14 patients who remained on the drug for at least 2 weeks, there was a reduction in several aberrant behaviors without any incidence of abuse. 

Neal, Jordan, and Carol Kaufmann. A Fatal Combination Brother s Misuse of Prescription Drugs. Reader s Digest 173 (October 2008) 19. Along with facts and arguments, evidence of the seriousness of prescription drug abuse comes from real-life stories. In this article, Jordan Neal tells of the death of her brother from a combination of a cold medication, OxyCon-tin, and alcohol. 

Studies of sudden death in novice as well as experienced drug abusers found that cocaine causes vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries which seems to result from an enhancement of Ca2+ influx across myocardial membranes. However, remember that this class of drug affects other neurotransmitter systems. Cocaine inhbiits reuptake of NE and 5-HT as well as binds to the DA transporter. It increases catecholamine receptor sensitivity but does not seem to directly influence enkephalinergic receptors. In addition it also affects neurotransmission the H, Ach and phenylethylamine pathways. Activation of DA, NE or 5-HT neurons independently does not produce the euphoria associated with cocaine misuse. Euphoria seems to be related to simultaneous inteeraction between catecholamine and serotoninergic systems. 

Drug abuse This term usually applies to the misuse of addictive drugs, which include barbiturates and amphetamines, as well as the opiates, cocaine and heroin. These drugs create severe psychological and physiological problems. This leads to a variety of personal problems for the user. 

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) estimates that there were approximately 900,000 Americans age 12 and older misusing prescription stimulants in 1999. Because of its popularity as a treatment for ADHD, adolescents are at a special risk for misusing dextroamphetamine drugs. 

In 1999, four million people in the United States were using prescription drugs outside medical use. Of these, 2.6 million were misusing pain relievers, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). 

Prescription Drug Abuse and Misuse A Global Perspective 9... 

There are a number of legal, safe uses for barbiturates, but they become a problem when a person misuses or abuses them habitually. First-time users can have severe, negative reactions, or even die, from barbiturates taken without a doctor s supervision. Regular abusers suffer from the long-term physical and psychological problems that make them unable to fully participate in society. Drug abuse affects not only users but also their families, friends, and everyone around them. 

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