Lungs tuberculosis

A 43-year-old woman developed cavitary lung tuberculosis after she received methotrexate and glucocorticoid pulse therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (321). 

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules Labill.) honey has an unpleasant flavor but is highly valued because it is used in the treatment of lung tuberculosis in popular medicine. 

Non-specific toxic liver damage may be evident in this connection, possible tuberculostatic toxic effects must also be considered. With severe courses of tuberculosis, peliosis hepatis is often observed. Frequently, retothelial nodules are detectable, as demonstrated for the first time in tuberculosis patients by H. Hamperl in 1953. (50) In the course of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis,infiltration of liver cells was noted, as reported in several publications. (50) It was attributed to toxic effects and/or undernourishment or malnutrition. Secondary hepatic amyloidosis, developing in the course of chronic lung tuberculosis, has also been postulated. (50) A restriction of hepatic function in chronic tuberculosis, which was first observed by E. Leuret et al. in 1922, has been described in a number of publications. (51, 60, 63) Depending on the severity and duration of the disease as well as the tuberculostatic pretreatment, we found pathological laboratory parameters in 15-20% and 25-40% of cases respectively. (50)... 

Tuberculosis (TB) is a lower respiratory infection caused by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is commonly called tubercle bacillus and is an acid-fast bacillus (AFB). Tuberculosis is transmitted by droplets dispersed in the air through coughing and sneezing and inhaled into the alveoli of the lung. Tuberculosis spreads from the lungs to other organs via the blood and lymphatic system in patients with a compromised immune system. 

Westerholm P, Ahlmark A, Maasing R, Segelberg I. Silicosis and risk of lung cancer or lung tuberculosis A cohort study. Environ Res 1986 41 (1) 339—50. 

Jastrz bski D, Zaklicyhski M, Kozielski J, Siola M, Dwomiczak S, Woj< la A, Zembala M. Possibility to treat lung tuberculosis without using rifanpicin in heat traisplant recipients-two case reports, Ann Transplant (2003) 8, 42-4. 

TVaditional use Fmits are used as an antipyretic, to relieve thirst and as a spice (Khalmatov 1964). In northern Tajikistan the roots are used to treat wounds, bone fractures, rheumatism, radiculitis, heart pain, and stomach aches. A decoction of the leaves is used to treat kidney stones. A tea made with the flowers is used to treat lung tuberculosis, chest pains, and headaches. An infusion of the fruits is used to treat constipation and wounds (Khodzhimatov 1989). 

Traditional use In the folk medicine of Tajikistan, a decoction of the seeds is drunk to treat gastrointestinal diseases. An infusion of the herb is used as an analgesic, anticonvulsant, to heal wounds, and to treat asthma and lung tuberculosis (Khalmatov et al. 1984 Khodzhimatov 1989). 

Traditional use Smoke from burning branches is used in Central Asian folk medicine to treat rheumatism. The fruits, mixed with sesame oil, are applied to treat deafness. The powdered plant is sniffed to treat headaches. The essential oil is used to treat wounds and skin diseases (Khalmatov et al. 1984 Mamedov et al. 2004). An infusion of the dry fruits is used to treat the urogenital path, and a decoction is drunk to treat scurvy, hver disease and rheumatism. The fruits are also used to treat edema and nervous disorders. Fresh fruits are eaten to treat stomach ulcers and to increase the appetite, and a decoction is drank as a choleretic and to treat jaundice. A decoction of the roots is recommended to treat stomach ulcers, bronchitis, lung tuberculosis, kidney stones, and skin diseases. An infusion of the roots and baik is used to treat arthritis. A decoction of the bark is drank to treat impotency. A decoction of the fruits and green branches is used in a bath to treat rheumatism (Khodzhimatov 1989). 

Traditional use An infusion of needles from spring branchlets and cones are drunk to treat persistent common colds and is added to baths to treat rheumatism. An infusion of young branchlets in vodka is used to treat lung tuberculosis. The ground bark, mixed with wax and butter or lard, is applied in the form of a plaster to treat furuncles. The needles are used to prevent and treat scurvy and as a source of vitamins (Bykov 1950 Gan 1970). 

Traditional use A decoction of the leaves is used as a diuretic and as a treattnent for cystitis, gastric diseases, lung tuberculosis, headaches, and to detoxify snake bites. Decoctions, infusions, extracts, and juice are used as a bacteriostatic, antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, and expectorant, and also to treat enterocolitis, stomach ulcers, liver diseases, malaria, bronchitis, pertussis, bronchial asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, as well as to heal wounds, furuncles, skin ulcers, and purulent wounds (Plant Resources of the USSR 1990). 

Traditional use This species has been used for centuries. Avicenna used the leaves as a hemostatic, to heal wounds, tumors, eye inflammation, chronic skin ulcers, and elephantitis as well as for liver and kidney diseases. In more recent times the plant has been used to treat lung tuberculosis, pertussis, stomach catarrh with low acidity, acute gastritis, enterocolitis, stomach and duodenum ulcers, and as a hemostatic (Khahnatov et al. 1984). A tea made from the dried leaves is used to treat coughing, diarrhea, dysentery (with tea from seeds is most effective), inflammation of the bladder, and malaria, and as an expectorant (Altimishev 1991). 

Traditional use Fruits are widely used as a tonic, choleretic, and as a remedy for scurvy. An infusion of the fruits with honey is used to treat upper respiratory colds and coughs. A decoction of the roots is drunk to treat diarrhea. A decoction of the leaves is taken to treat dysentery and as a diuretic (Khodzhimatov 1989). The hips from this and related species are used to prevent scurvy and avitaminosis, to treat arteriosclerosis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, and gastrointestinal diseases, particularly with reduced bile production (Altimishev 1991). Oil of rose is used externally to treat cracked and injured nipples of breast feeding women, bedsores, trophic ulcers of the shins, and dermatosis (Muravyova 1978). The fruits are used to treat lung tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, flu, and sore throat (Zakordonets 1953). 

Traditional use Inflorescences are used as a vermifuge, carminative, and choleretic, to heal wounds, and to treat intoxication due to lung tuberculosis, fevers, gastrointestinal diseases, and low acidity (Khalmatov et al. 1984). An infusion of the inflorescences is used in Russian folk medicine to increase appetite, bile and sweat production, blood pressure, and decrease heart rates. The infusion is also used as an antipyretic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, vermifuge, insecticide, and anti-microbial, and to heal wounds. In the folk medicine of North Caucasus a decoction of the herb is used to treat headaches, and is used externally to treat rheumatism. A decoction of the inflorescences is used to treat skin cancer (Altimishev 1991). 

Traditional use The plant is used as an antiemetic. In Tibetan medicine this species is used to treat edema and gynecological diseases (Akopov 1990). Decoction or tea of the aboveground parts is recommended to treat epilepsy, jaundice, edema, lung tuberculosis, nose bleeds, gastrointestinal ailments, common colds, and gynecological diseases, as well as a general tonic. The herb is used in a poultice to treat bruises, wounds, abscesses, and rheumatism. A decoction of the roots is drunk to treat diarrhea, ulcers, and hver and kidney diseases. A tea of the seeds and herb is drank to treat side pains, headache, dizziness, and bronchitis (Khodzhimatov 1989 Mamedov et al. 2004). 

Traditional use hi Tajikistan a tea made from the aboveground parts is used to treat fever, chest pain, and as an anticonvul-sive. A decoction of the herb is drunk to treat epilepsy, jaundice, tachycardia, nose bleeds, lung tuberculosis, gastrointestinal, and feminine diseases. A decoction of the roots is drunk to treat stomach ulcers, liver and kidney disease, and high blood pressure. A tea of the seeds is recommended to treat dizziness, high blood pressure, bronchitis, and edema (Khodzhimatov 1989). An infusion of the plant is used to treat diarrhea, jaundice, malaria, epilepsy and lung tuberculosis, and is used externally to treat skin diseases (Khalmatov 1964). 

Long exposure to Si02 dust can result in fibrosis of the lung or silicosis which may eventuate in pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. Susceptibility to tuberculosis is enhanced. The tolerance level for cryst forms of Si02 is calculated from the formula 250/(%SiO2 +5), and for amorph forms the tolerance level is 20 millions of particles/cu ft of air... 

Tuberculosis is on the increase in developed countries such as the USA and UK furthermore, MAI may be associated with AIDS sufferers. Hospital-acquired opportunistic mycobacteria may cause disseminated infection and also lung infections, endocarditis and pericarditis. Transmission of mycobacterial infection by endoscopy is rare, despite a marked increase in the use of flexible fibreoptic endoscopes, but bronchoscopy is probably the greatest hazard for the transmission ofM tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. Thus, biocides used for bronchoscope disinfection must be ehosen carefully to ensure that such transmission does not occur. 

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) kills about 2 million people each year, more than any other infectious organism. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it presents either as latent TB infection (LTBI) or as progressive active disease.1 The latter typically causes progressive destruction of the lungs, leading... 

Generally, a CA 15-3 cutoff of 25 U/ml is used to detect stage I breast cancer. In higher stages, the sensitivity is reported to be much better, which makes it a good test of tumor burden. CA 15-3 is reported to be elevated in other disease conditions such as liver disease (particularly chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma), some inflammatory conditions (sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, systemic erythematosus), and other carcinoma (lung and ovary). For this reason, positive CA 15-3 results should be interpreted with caution (20,21). 

Woolcock AJ. Worldwide trends in asthma morbidity and mortality. Explanation of trends. Bull Int Union Against Tuberculosis Lung Dis 1991 66 85-89. 

Albino male guinea pigs were infected by subcutaneous injection of 0.001 mg of bacterial (M. tuberculosis) coating and treated with rifamycins by oral route immediately after the infection. The antibiotic treatment lasted 4 months, after which the animals were sacrificed and inguinal lymph nodes, spleen, liver and lungs examined to quantify the severity of the disease according to Feldman [75],... 

Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M, Olsen J, Sorensen HT A population-based case-control study of the safety of oral anti-tuberculosis drug treatment during pregnancy. Int J Tu-berc Lung Dis 2001 5 564-568. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, aspergillosis, pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, mediastinal cysts, mycoplasma infections, Pancoast syndrome, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, lung abscess, lung cancer, lymphoma. 

Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis is the primary cause of tuberculous meningitis. Tuberculous meningitis may exist in the absence of disease in the lung or extrapulmonary sites. Upon initial examination, CSF usually contains 100 to 1,000 WBC/mm3, which may be 75% to 80% polymorphonuclear cells. Over time, the pattern of WBCs in the CSF will shift to lymphocytes and monocytes. 

Pulmonary disease probably occurs by inhalation conidia, which convert to the yeast forms in the lungs. It may be acute or chronic and can mimic infection with tuberculosis, pyogenic bacteria, other fungi, or malignancy. 

Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 80% of lung cancer cases. Other risk factors include exposure to respiratory carcinogens (e.g., asbestos, benzene), genetic risk factors, and history of other lung diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, pulmonary fibrosis). 

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